Chapter 1 Flashcards
What were the Archaic Indians known for?
Hunting smaller game with traps, nets, and hooks
What was common among Ancient Native Tribes in North America?
A culture developed according to local natural environments.
Hopewell culture declined because…
Farming and new weapons made central authority unnecessary.
How did Early Woodland Indians get food?
by harvesting wild corn
What are the 3 Eastern Woodland groups?
Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Muskogean
Why didn’t nomads use pottery?
It was too heavy to carry.
How to historians study the past?
By reading written documents to see the attitudes of a people.
How did Native American cultures adapt to the extinction of big game?
Paleo-Indians began foraging wild plant foods.
What weakness did the Spanish conquerors exploit to conquer the Mexican Empire?
The empires subjects did not see the Mexica as fair or good rulers.
Why did the Hohokam use irrigation canals?
They allowed biannual painting and harvesting.
What resource did the Archaic Northwest people take advantage of to survive and trade?
Fish
Why did Archaic Cultures in the Southwest start using agriculture?
The supply of wild plant food was highly unreliable.
What was the League of Five Nations?
A confederation of the Iroquoian Tribes for war and diplomacy.
What do the burial mounds show us about the Hopewell Chiefdom?
It’s trade network stretched across the continent.
Why did Native people in California stay hunters and gatherers even after the Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere?
Lots of food supply from both land and ocean.
Burial mounds and chiefdoms are associated with which ancient Americans?
Woodland Peoples
Evidence indicates that before 1492, Native Americans…
Practiced human sacrifice
Describe the Mexica
Large, Diverse population
Culture based on war
Power and wealth in Mexican empire
Conquered peoples didn’t absorb cultures
What are some cultural similarities of the Native Americans in the 1490s?
- Gathering techniques and agriculture
- Weapons for hunting and warfare
- Absence of writing
- Adaptation to natural and social environments
- Manipulation of the environment to meet needs
- Fire as hunting tool
What cultures were in the Southwestern Cultures?
Mogollon, Hohokam, Anasazi
What tribes were in the Eastern and Great Plains Peoples?
Algonquian, Iroquoian, Muskogean
How and why did humans migrate into North America after 15,000 BP?
Wisconsin Glaciation made land bridge for ancient humans to travel from Asia to the Western Hemisphere, likely came for new food sources
Why did Archaic Native Americans shift from big-game hunting to foraging and hunting smaller animals?
Because of the extinction of large game animals
Why was tribute important in the Mexican Empire?
The tributes were what made there government powerful, it redistributed wealth, reflected fundamental relations between power and wealth
How did food-gathering strategies influence ancient cultures across North America?
agriculture supported hunter-gathering but did not erase it, agriculture advanced along with hunting and gathering within the tribes
What was the Silk Road?
A spice trade
Motives for European Exploration (6)
- Crusades
- Renaissance
- Reformation and refugees trying to leave
- Monarchs seeking MONEYYY
- Technological advancements
- FAME AND FORTUNE
What are the 3G’s
Glory, Gold, and God
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, humans, and diseases between the continents
