chapter 4

Question 1

archaea

Answer 1

extremely diverse microscopic single-celled organisms that do not contain a nucleus comprise one of the three domains of life along with bacteria and complex life

Question 1

Bacilli

Answer 1

rod shaped bacteria

Question 2

bacteria

Answer 2

single cell microscopic oragansims that are the cheif inhabitants of the microbiome

Question 3

bacteriophage

Answer 3

complex virus that attaches to surface of a host and then uses a sheath -like syringe to inject its nucleic acid into the target cells

Question 4

capsid

Answer 4

protein shell that surrounds viral genetic material

Question 5

capsomeres

Answer 5

individual structural units forming the vital capsid

Question 6

capsule

Answer 6

gelatinous covering that keeps the bacterium from drying outco

Question 7

cocci

Answer 7

round sphear

Question 8

dysbiosis

Answer 8

the term for microbial imbalance inside the body

Question 9

enevelope

Answer 9

spikey lipid membrane sourring some virues

Question 10

germ stain

Answer 10

staining technique used to classify bacteria into one of the two grouos

Question 11

microbe

Answer 11

microsopic organsims including bacteria viruses fungi

Question 12

microbiota

Answer 12

microbes within an indiviaul micorbial commuintty in the gut

Question 13

mircobiome

Answer 13

full complemtn of microbes bacteria viruse fungi and archea living on the human body

Question 14

mycobiome

Answer 14

the community of fungi living on and in the human body

Question 15

pathogen

Answer 15

disease-causing microorganism

Question 16

peptidoglycan

Answer 16

substance in a bacteria cell wall is used to help identify bacteria as being gram-negative or positive

Question 17

pill

Answer 17

small hair like that allows bacteria to attach to other cells

Question 18

plasmids

Answer 18

small loops of bacteria DNA that allow DNA to be transferred from one bacterium to another

Question 19

portal of entry

Answer 19

pathway by which infectious organisms gain access to the body

Question 20

prebiotic

Answer 20

food containing indigestible fibers that nourish that feed healthy bacteria in the gut

Question 21

probiotic

Answer 21

a supplement containing beneficial live bacteria taken to help seed the gut with healthy microbes

Question 22

spirilla

Answer 22

spiral shaped bacteria

Question 23

virus

Answer 23

ultramicroscopic pathogen consisting of nucleic acid within a protein shell