Chapter 4

Question 1

What is bottom-up processing

Answer 1

Speech perception is triggered automatically
(only based on acoustic signal)

Question 2

What is top-down processing

Answer 2

Speech perception is aided by contextual info first

(ex: ur wife sounds mad talking about cars & u remember u crashed ur guys car so u assume thats what she’s mad about)

Question 3

Why is speech processing hard

Answer 3

• Lack of invariance problem
• Segmentation problem

Question 4

Why does lack of invariance make speech processing hard

Answer 4

Because there are several different ways to pronounce a phoneme with varying acoustic properties

Question 5

Why does segmentation make speech processing hard

Answer 5

• coarticulation results in parallel transmission

Question 6

what is co-articulation

Answer 6

overlapping articulatory sound movements and sound changes that make u mistake the speech being processed

Question 7

What is parallel transmission

Answer 7

it means to process different linguistic elements at once

Question 8

What is a VOT

Answer 8

Lapse of time that occurs between the release of a word like (p, b, t, d, k, g) and the beginning of a vowel sound

Question 9

What is the difference in a VOT for adults vs kids

Answer 9

Adults only hear the differences that are important in their language
kids hear all differences