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LINGUISTICS > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven traits that define language

A
  • Communicative
  • Arbitary
  • structured
  • Multilayered
  • Productive
  • Evolutionary
  • Multimodal
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2
Q

How is Language Communicative

A
  • Intentional
  • Influential
  • Directed at others

We use language to…
- Exchange info + Ideas with others

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3
Q

How does language exhibit Displacement

A

It has the ability to convo info + meaning not inherent to the convo’s context
Ex:
- future
- past
- hypotheticals
- ideas
- fictional bs

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4
Q

How is language Arbitary

A

There is no RESEMBLANCE between a word (symbol) and its referent (what it stands for)

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5
Q

How is language Structured

A

A pattern based on rules
- Phonology
- morphology
- Syntax

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6
Q

How is language Multilayered?

A

How its utilized can convey complex meaning
Complex in regards to
- phonology
- words
- phrases
- sentences
- paragraphs

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7
Q

How is language Productive

A

Limited set of sounds CREATES UNlimited set of words

Small set of words –> genereates limitless number of sentences

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8
Q

How is language Evolutionary

A

Changes over time due to:
- Science
- technology
- Pop culture/fads
- Contact with other languages

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9
Q

How is language Multimodal

A
  • Oral mode
  • Written mode
  • Visual mode (sign language)
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10
Q

What are the 3 components of Language

A
  • Use
  • Form
  • Content
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11
Q

What are 3 concepts of Form in language

A

Phonology
Morphology
Syntax

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12
Q

What is Phonology

A
  • The rules of sounds in words
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13
Q

What is Morphology

A
  • Rules that govern word formation
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14
Q

What is Syntax

A
  • Rules that govern grammar in sentence
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15
Q

How many Phonemes does english have?

A

44

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16
Q

What are Phonemes

A

Sounds (speech sounds)

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17
Q

What happens when you change the sound of a word in the english language

A

You change the meaning of the word
ex: s—-> s un
f —-> f un

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18
Q

What are Phonotactic rules

A

Rules for how sounds can be put together

19
Q

What is a Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of language that conveys meaning

20
Q

What are the two types of morphemes

A
  • Bound
  • Free
21
Q

what is a free morpheme

A

1 word with 1 component that can have 1 meaning

Boy —> Free Morpheme
1 meaning

22
Q

What is a bound morpheme

A

1 word with 2 components that can have 2 meanings

BoyS –> Bound morpheme
Boy= 1 boy
s= 2 boys

23
Q

What 2 traits can bound morphemes have?

A
  • derivational
  • Inflectional
24
Q

What does semantics mean?

A

the Meaning and relationship between words

25
Q

What are Content words

A

words used to identify and describe the meaning of words

26
Q

How many words do you know at age 1

A

5 words

27
Q

How many words do you know at age 6

A

20,000 words

28
Q

How many words do you know at age 12

A

50,000 words

29
Q

What can be learned in regards to language

A
  • How to differentiate meanings
  • How to understand multiple word meanings
  • How to understand word relationships
  • How to comprehend abstract words
30
Q

What components make up the Use of language?

A
  • Conversational skills
  • Communicative repairs
  • Social and contextual adaptations
31
Q

What are the 8 communicative functions of language

A
  • to greet
  • to request
  • to question/ answer
  • to comment
    to protest
  • to joke
    to share ideas
  • to get attention
32
Q

What is pragmatics

A

Rules about how we use language to communicate

33
Q

What is discourse

A

interactions longer than single utterances

34
Q

what are the social and contextual adaptations we adjust our language on?

A
  • Conversational event (setting)
  • Conversational partner (person talking to)
  • Listener’s perspective (culture)
35
Q

What are conversational skills

A
  • Eye contact
  • Gaining attention
  • Tone, distance & volume rate of voice
  • Topic discusion
    (initiation, maintenance, closure, switching topics).
36
Q

What are conversational repairs

A

breakdowns in communication

37
Q

What is Metalinguistics

A

The ability to reflect upon how our language functions

(How we know what words to say in what sentences)

38
Q

What are pyscholinguistics?

A

Field in studying the psychological processes by which humans acquire and use language.

39
Q

How do we study language

A
  • Lab experiments
  • Observations
  • Cross-Linguistic comparisons
  • Neurobiological measures.
40
Q

What are Derivational Morphemes

A
  • er
  • un
  • ize
  • ment
  • ful
  • ne
  • ly

any morpheme that undos the meaning of a word or creates enhanced meaning of word

41
Q

What are Inflectional morphemes

A
  • s
  • ed
  • ing
  • er
  • est
  • ’s
  • s
  • en

Basically a morpheme that makes a word plural, makes the word a verb, makes a word past tense, makes a word own something.

42
Q

what are content words

A

Words that describe and identify

43
Q

what are functional words

A

words in between content words that help make the sentence make sense

LINGUISTICS (8 decks)

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