Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the seven traits that define language
- Communicative
- Arbitary
- structured
- Multilayered
- Productive
- Evolutionary
- Multimodal
How is Language Communicative
- Intentional
- Influential
- Directed at others
We use language to…
- Exchange info + Ideas with others
How does language exhibit Displacement
It has the ability to convo info + meaning not inherent to the convo’s context
Ex:
- future
- past
- hypotheticals
- ideas
- fictional bs
How is language Arbitary
There is no RESEMBLANCE between a word (symbol) and its referent (what it stands for)
How is language Structured
A pattern based on rules
- Phonology
- morphology
- Syntax
How is language Multilayered?
How its utilized can convey complex meaning
Complex in regards to
- phonology
- words
- phrases
- sentences
- paragraphs
How is language Productive
Limited set of sounds CREATES UNlimited set of words
Small set of words –> genereates limitless number of sentences
How is language Evolutionary
Changes over time due to:
- Science
- technology
- Pop culture/fads
- Contact with other languages
How is language Multimodal
- Oral mode
- Written mode
- Visual mode (sign language)
What are the 3 components of Language
- Use
- Form
- Content
What are 3 concepts of Form in language
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
What is Phonology
- The rules of sounds in words
What is Morphology
- Rules that govern word formation
What is Syntax
- Rules that govern grammar in sentence
How many Phonemes does english have?
44
What are Phonemes
Sounds (speech sounds)
What happens when you change the sound of a word in the english language
You change the meaning of the word
ex: s—-> s un
f —-> f un
What are Phonotactic rules
Rules for how sounds can be put together
What is a Morpheme
Smallest unit of language that conveys meaning
What are the two types of morphemes
- Bound
- Free
what is a free morpheme
1 word with 1 component that can have 1 meaning
Boy —> Free Morpheme
1 meaning
What is a bound morpheme
1 word with 2 components that can have 2 meanings
BoyS –> Bound morpheme
Boy= 1 boy
s= 2 boys
What 2 traits can bound morphemes have?
- derivational
- Inflectional
What does semantics mean?
the Meaning and relationship between words
What are Content words
words used to identify and describe the meaning of words
How many words do you know at age 1
5 words
How many words do you know at age 6
20,000 words
How many words do you know at age 12
50,000 words
What can be learned in regards to language
- How to differentiate meanings
- How to understand multiple word meanings
- How to understand word relationships
- How to comprehend abstract words
What components make up the Use of language?
- Conversational skills
- Communicative repairs
- Social and contextual adaptations
What are the 8 communicative functions of language
- to greet
- to request
- to question/ answer
- to comment
to protest - to joke
to share ideas - to get attention
What is pragmatics
Rules about how we use language to communicate
What is discourse
interactions longer than single utterances
what are the social and contextual adaptations we adjust our language on?
- Conversational event (setting)
- Conversational partner (person talking to)
- Listener’s perspective (culture)
What are conversational skills
- Eye contact
- Gaining attention
- Tone, distance & volume rate of voice
- Topic discusion
(initiation, maintenance, closure, switching topics).
What are conversational repairs
breakdowns in communication
What is Metalinguistics
The ability to reflect upon how our language functions
(How we know what words to say in what sentences)
What are pyscholinguistics?
Field in studying the psychological processes by which humans acquire and use language.
How do we study language
- Lab experiments
- Observations
- Cross-Linguistic comparisons
- Neurobiological measures.
What are Derivational Morphemes
- er
- un
- ize
- ment
- ful
- ne
- ly
any morpheme that undos the meaning of a word or creates enhanced meaning of word
What are Inflectional morphemes
- s
- ed
- ing
- er
- est
- ’s
- s
- en
Basically a morpheme that makes a word plural, makes the word a verb, makes a word past tense, makes a word own something.
what are content words
Words that describe and identify
what are functional words
words in between content words that help make the sentence make sense
