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PSY 105 - Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of hunger and pain or detection of light

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior

A

Wakefulness

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3
Q

an internal cycle of biological activity including:
- Fluctuation of body temperature.
- An individuals menstrual cycle.
- Levels of alertness

A

biological rhythm

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4
Q
  • biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.
  • generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
A

Circadian rhythm

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5
Q

located in the hypothalamus, serves as the brain’s clock mechanism

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

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6
Q

the brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world

A

sleep regulation

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7
Q
  • stimulated by darkness, making us sleepy, and inhibited by daylight
  • released by the pineal gland.
A

melatonin

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8
Q

name circumstances that throw off our internal circadian cycles:

A
  • jet lag
  • rotating shift work
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9
Q

result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

A

sleep debt

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10
Q

sleep-deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep

A

sleep rebound

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11
Q

define sleep.

A

Sleep is a state marked by relatively low physical activity and a reduced sense of awarenes

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12
Q

why do we sleep (2)

A
  • adaptive function
  • cognitive function
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13
Q

3 brainwaves during sleep:

A
  • alpha
  • theta
  • delta
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14
Q

brainwave:
relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude, synchronized

A

alpha

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15
Q

brainwave:
low frequency, low amplitude

A

theta

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16
Q

brainwave:
low frequency, high amplitude,
desynchronize

A

delta

17
Q

rapid burst of high frequency brainwaves

A

sleep spindles

18
Q

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity

A

K-complexes

19
Q

describe REM sleep

A
  • rapid eye movement
    -dreams
  • paralysis of voluntary muscles
  • brain waves similar to those seen during wakefullness
20
Q

a diagram of the stages of sleep as they occur during a period of sleep

A

hypnogram

21
Q

sigmund freuds theory of dreams

A
  • Saw dreams as a way to gain access to the unconscious.
  • Manifest content – the actual content of the dream.
  • Latent content – the hidden meaning of the dream
22
Q

carl jung’s theory of dreams

A
  • Believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious.
    Collective unconscious
    – theoretical repository of information shared by all
    people across cultures.
  • Believed that certain symbols in dreams reflected universal archetypes
23
Q

certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state - A person becomes aware that they are dreaming.

A

lucid dreaming

24
Q
  • Defined by difficulty falling or staying asleep - for at least 3 nights a week for at least one month’s time.
  • The most common sleep disorder.
A

insomnia

25
Q

involve unwanted motor behavior/experiences throughout the sleep cycle. They include
- sleep walking
-rem sleep behaviour disorder
-restless leg syndrome
-night terrors

A

parasomnia

26
Q

Occurs when individuals stop breathing during their sleep, usually for 10-20 seconds or longer

A

sleep apnea

27
Q

Occurs when an infant stops
breathing during sleep and dies

A

sids (sudden infant death syndrome)

28
Q

Involves an irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours.

A

narcolepsy

29
Q

a compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences (DSM-5 definition)

A

substance use disorder

30
Q

4 drug categories

A
  • stimulant
  • depressant
  • hallucinogens
    -antipsychotics
31
Q

drugs that suppress the central nervous system activity, usually GABA agonists which have a quieting effect on the brain (ex, alcohol)

A

depressants

32
Q

drugs that increase overall levels of neural activity, usually dopamine agonists which work by preventing the reuptake of dopamine. (ex, cocaine)

A

stimulants

33
Q

drugs that cause changes in sensory and perceptual experiences, can involve vivid hallucinations (ex, LSD)

A

hallucinogens

34
Q

other states of consciousness

A
  • hypnosis
  • meditation

PSY 105 - Psychology (8 decks)

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