Chapter 3

Question 1

define biopsychology:

Answer 1

Biopsychology explores the biological mechanisms that underlie behavior.

Question 2

focusing on how inherited genes can affect not just the physiological,
but psychological traits of a person

Answer 2

genetics definition

Question 3

what does biospychology include? (2 things)

Answer 3

• structure and function or nervous system
  -how nervous system reacts with enocrine system

Question 4

name the scientist:

explored the concept of inheritance of traits throughout generations in his theory of evolution through natural selection

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

explain natural selection

Answer 5

The organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive
and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment
will die off.

Question 6

• The genetic difference between individuals.
• Contributes to a species’ adaptation to its environment.
• Begins when an egg (containing 23 chromosomes) is fertilized by a sperm
  (containing 23 chromosomes)

Answer 6

genetic variation

Question 7

long strand of genetic information known as DNA

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

helix-shaped molecule made of nucleotide base pairs

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical
characteristics known as traits (eye color, hair color etc)

Answer 9

Gene

Question 10

genotype vs phenotype…

Answer 10

GENOTYPE:
genetic makeup of an individual based on a genetic material

PHENOTYPE:
someones observable characteristics, hair, skin, height, etc

Question 11

Neurotransmitters from nearby neurons attach to receptors on dendrites causing the membrane potential to change

Answer 11

action potenial

Question 12

consisting of two
identical alleles (AA/aa).
(Credit: B4FA)

Answer 12

homozygous

Question 13

sudden, permanent change
in a gene

Answer 13

genetic mutation

Question 14

study of gene-environment interactions such as how the same
genotype leads to different phenotypes.

Answer 14

Epigenetics

Question 15

view of gene-environment interaction that asserts our genes affect our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genes.

Answer 15

Genetic environmental correlation

Question 16

asserts our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall.

Answer 16

range of reaction

Question 18

related to action potential:

membrane potential becomes less negative making the neuron more likely to fire (excitation)

Answer 18

depolorization

Question 19

related to action potential:

membrane potential becomes more negative making the neuron less likely to fire (inhibition)

Answer 19

Hyperpolarization

Question 20

related to action potential:

level of charge in the membrane that
causes the neuron to become active

Answer 20

Threshold of excitation

Question 21

related to action potential:

an electrical signal

Answer 21

Action Potential

Question 22

involves moving a neurotransmitter from the synapse back into the axon
terminal from which it was released.

Answer 22

reuptake

Question 23

chemical messenger of the nervous system

Answer 23

neurotransmitter

Question 24

view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter
systems

Answer 24

Biological perspective

Question 25

muscle action and memory

Answer 25

Acetylcholine

Question 26

pain and pleasure

Answer 26

Beta - endorphin