Chapter 4

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

An abstract statement formulated to predict, explain, or describe the relationships among concepts, constructs, or events. Theory is developed and tested by observation and research, using factual data.

Question 2

Metatheory

Answer 2

An area of study that looks at the relationships of various components that make up the knowledge of a discipline.

Question 3

Nursing Theory

Answer 3

Conceptualizes an aspect nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care.

Question 4

Phenomenon

Answer 4

A sign that is often associated with a specific illness or condition and is therefore diagnostically important.

Question 5

Concept

Answer 5

A construct or abstract idea that originates and remains within the mind.

Question 6

Assumptions

Answer 6

Beliefs taken for granted without examination.

Question 7

Domain

Answer 7

The perspective or territory of a profession or discipline.

Question 8

Paradigm

Answer 8

A pattern that may serve as a model or example.

Question 9

Conceptual Framework

Answer 9

A group of concepts that are broadly defined and systematically organized to provide a focus, a rationale, and a tool for the integration and interpretation of information.

Question 10

Nursing Metaparadigm

Answer 10

Allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do.

Question 11

Person

Answer 11

The recipient of nursing care.

Question 12

Health

Answer 12

Has different means for each patient.

Question 13

Environment/Situation

Answer 13

All of the many factors, as physical and psychologic, that influence or affect the life and survival of a person.

Question 14

Nursing

Answer 14

Includes “Care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people.” (International Council of Nurses, 2021).

Question 15

Middle-Range Theories

Answer 15

Theories that contain a limited number of concepts and are focused on a limited aspect of reality.

Question 16

Practice Theories

Answer 16

More specific theories than middle-range theories, they are composed of a limited number of concepts. They are narrow in scope, explain a small aspect of phenomena and processes of interest to nurses, and are usually limited to specific populations ir field of practice.

Question 17

Descriptive Theories

Answer 17

Are the first level of theory development. They describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which the phenomena occurs.

Question 18

Perspective theories

Answer 18

Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences.

Question 19

Shared Theory

Answer 19

Explains a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory.

Question 20

Input

Answer 20

The data or information that comes from a patient’s assessment.

Question 21

Output

Answer 21

The end product of a system; in the case of the nursing process, it is whether the patient’s health status improves, declines, or remains stable as a result of nursing care.

Question 22

Feedback

Answer 22

Information produced by a receiver and perceived by a sender that informs the sender of the receivers reaction to the message.

Question 23

Content

Answer 23

The product and information obtained from the system.