Chapter 4

Question 1

Probability

Answer 1

Success / Total possible outcomes

Question 2

Event

Answer 2

Any collection of results or outcomes of a procedure (birth 2f 1m)

Question 3

Simple Event

Answer 3

An outcome or an event that can’t be further broken down (birth fmm, mff…)

Question 4

Sample space

Answer 4

All possible simple events; all outcomes that can’t be broken down further.

Question 5

P(A)

Answer 5

Probability A WILL occur

Question 6

P(Ā)

Answer 6

Probability A WILL NOT occur

Question 7

Relative frequency approximation of probability

Answer 7

P(A)= # times A occurred/ # times the procedure was repeated

Question 8

Classical Probability

Answer 8

n different simple events with equal chance of occurring, the event A can occur in s of these n ways. s/n Exact problems

Question 9

When to use relative vs classical probability

Answer 9

Classical approach requires equal likely outcomes. If no, use relative.

Question 10

Odds in favor of A

Answer 10

P(A) / P(Ā) a fraction divided by a fraction b:a

Question 11

Odds against A

Answer 11

P(Ā) / P(A) a fraction divided by a fraction a:b

Question 12

P(A)+P(Ā)=?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

P(A) impossible =?

Answer 13

0

Question 14

P(A) certain =?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

The complement of A?

Answer 15

Ā

Question 16

Addition rule

Answer 16

P(A or B)= [P(A)+P(B)-P(A&B)]/total # outcomes

Question 17

Compound event

Answer 17

Two or more simple events

Question 18

P (AUB)

Answer 18

P A or B

Question 19

P(AΠB)

Answer 19

P A and B

Question 20

Multiplication rule for without replacement

Answer 20

P(A) & P(B)=P(A)*P(AlB)

Question 21

P(BlA)

Answer 21

P B will happen given A already happened.

Question 22

P(AlB)

Answer 22

P A will happen given B already happened

Question 23

Multiplication rule: tx dependent as independent

Answer 23

If sample size is < or equal to 5% of the population

(P of A)^#trials

Question 24

Multiplication rule for independent events (with replacement)

Answer 24

P(A&B)=P(A)*P(B)

Question 25

Probability of at least one

Answer 25

P(at least one)=1-P(none)

At most none!

Question 26

Conditional probability

Answer 26

P of some event when some other event has already occurred

Question 27

Conditional probability equation

Answer 27

P(BlA)= P(A&B)/P(A) <-given

Question 28

Conditional probability shortcut

Answer 28

smaller#/bigger# *works only when denominator is same

Question 29

Opposite of none is

Answer 29

At least one

Question 30

Fundamental counting

Answer 30

event A can happen n # of ways and so forth

Question 31

Factorial (!)

Answer 31

n! denotes # possible arrangements

Question 32

Permutation Rule

Answer 32

nPr=n!/(n-r)! ORDER MATTERS
n=#items r=#selected (s replacement)
(permutation, arrangement, sequence)

Question 33

Combination Rule

Answer 33

nCr=n!/r!(n-r)! ORDER DOESN’T MATTER

Question 34

Permutation with identical items rule

Answer 34

n!/n1!n2!n3!…