Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is sensory adaption?
Sensory adaptation is a reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it. While sensory adaptation reduces our awareness of a stimulus, it helps free up our attention and resources to attend to other stimuli in our environment. All five senses can experience sensory adaptation.
Sensory adaption sense of smell ex:
People who don’t notice the smell of cigarette smoke, but people who don’t smoke can’t stand the smell
Sensory adaption sense of touch ex:
if you put on a bracelet, you will notice the feel of it on your skin, but within minutes, sensory adaptation comes into play and the feeling will no longer be there.
Sensory adaption sense of taste ex:
when we eat a specific food, the initial taste is very distinct and it is identified by our tongue’s sensory neurons, but as we keep eating the food, the taste is not as strong.
Sensory adaptation sense of seeing ex:
our body’s visual system is able to automatically adjust to the intensity level of light. For example, when you enter a dark building after being exposed to the sunlight, your eyes will adjust because of sensory adaptation.
Function + pathway of the pupil:
The opening in the center of the iris which helps regulate how much light passes through the rear chamber of the eye.
Function + pathway of the Cornea:
Where light enters the eye
Function + pathway of the Iris:
Iris is the colored ring of muscle surrounding the pupil
Function + pathway of the lens:
Transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina
Function + pathway of the Optic Disc:
Hole in retina; you can’t see the part of an image that falls on it
Function + pathway of the retina:
Absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual info to brain
Function + pathway to Foeva:
Center of retina that contains only cones; visual activity is greatest at this spot
What is the function of rods and cones?
Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels. They do not mediate color vision, and have a low spatial acuity.
Cones are active at higher light levels, are capable of color vision and are responsible for high spatial acuity. The central fovea is populated exclusively by cones.
What is depth perception?
the ability to see the three dimensional volume of objects and the spatial layout of objects relative to one another and the viewer.
Define Binocular Cues
Clues about distance based on differing views of the two eye
Define Monocular Cues
Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone
Define place theory
Holds perception of pitch corresponds to the vibration of different portions, or places, along the basilar membrane
Define frequency theory
Holds perception of pitch which the entire basilar membrane vibrates
How are the place theory and the frequency theory different from each other?
The place theory is different from the frequency theory because the place theory holds perception to certain and specific parts along the basilar membrane, whereas the frequency theory holds perception throughout the tire basilar membrane.
How does the ear transit auditory information? (In other words, what are the function of the different structures of the ear?) (NOTE: Pay particular attention to the inner workings of the cochlea and how they cochlea implant attempts to stimulate this process.)
The mechanics of hearing: sound waves vibrate the eardrum, that vibrancy is transferred to bones (ossicles) of the middle ear, the movement in the ossicles moves the cochlea (basilar membrane) and create liquid waves that stimulate little hair cells.
Know the stimulus and receptors for taste. What are the 5 types of taste?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
