chapter 10 Flashcards
what is attachment
Attachment refers to the close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers
Harlow found that the monkeys were more comforted by the cloth mothers than the wired ones. That showed that the monkeys wanted more of the physical comfort than the “caregiver” comfort.
We can use these findings to make sure human children develop an attachment to their caregiver by making sure that the caregivers are giving the child the physical affection and comfort that they desire.
what are the different kinds of attachment styles?
secure attachment: they play and explore comfortably with their mother present, become visibly upset when she leaves, and are quickly calmed by her return
anxious-ambivalent attachment: they appear anxious even when their mothers are near and protest excessively when she leaves, but they are not particularly comforted when she returns
avoidant attachment: seek little contact with their mothers and often are not distressed when she leaves
Erickson’s theory of personality development
A stage is a developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established
Trust
Independence
Initiative
Accomplishment
Identity
Relationships
Contribution
Reflection
Know the four stages of knowledge acquisition according to Piaget and the related characteristics of each. This includes, but is not limited to: object permanence, conservation, egocentrism, animism, etc. Would you be able to recognize these concepts in an example?
Piaget proposed that children’s thought processes go through a series of four major stages:
the sensorimotor period (birth to age 2): developing the ability to coordinate their sensory input with their motor actions. Object permanence develops when a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.
the preoperational period (ages 2–7): shortcomings in preoperational thought. Shortcomings in preoperational thought. Conservation is Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance, Egocentrism in thinking is characterized by a limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint. Animism—the belief that all things are living, just like oneself.
the concrete operational period (ages 7–11): children can perform operations only on images of tangible objects and actual events
formal operational period (age 11 and onward): children apply their operations to abstract concepts in addition to concrete objects
what is emerging adulthood? what characterizes this period of life?
Adolescence is a bridge between childhood and adulthood. During this time, individuals continue to experience significant changes in cognitive, moral, and social development.
