Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the factors which affect identity?
- Nationality
- Race and Ethnicity
- Religion
- Socio-economic Status (SES)
What do the factors affecting identity do to diversity and harmony in society?
These factors shape diversity in society and will impact harmony
What ensues from a strong sense of identity?
It can bring people closer together or lead to challenges due to differences in identity
What do people of the same nationality share? What results from this?
Common history, set of traditions, practices and language. They also live together in a particular geographical area.
This helps to build a sense of belonging since individuals feel part of a larger community, and also creates a national identity
What are some common experiences in Singapore?
- Food at food courts (e.g. chicken rice)
- Multiculturalism – deep respect for other race and religion
- Bilingualism
- Singlish
- Kiasu
- 9 August and National Anthem and Pledge
What are some common experiences in New Zealand?
- Kiwi
- Haka dance
- Rugby
- Maori
What do Race and Ethnicity refer to?
Race
a person’s physical characteristics that are biological in nature, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye colour.
Ethnicity
one’s ancestry, cultural practices, customs, food and dressing associated with an ethnic group.
Name examples of race and ethnicity
race: Chinese, Malay, Indian
ethnicity: Chinese is a race, but Miao people and Hui people (Muslim Chinese) are of different ethnicities
Give facts about Race and Ethnicity in the context of Singapore
- ‘Race’ and ‘Ethnicity’ are interchangeably used
- The categorisation CMIO (Chinese, Malay, Indian and Others) is utilised to shape policies to promote harmony.
An example is the Ethnic Integration Policy, implemented in 1989 to ensure even distribution of races in public housing. - In the past, race was strictly categorised as Chinese or Indian
- In 2011, a double-barreled option for Singaporean children born to parents of different races.
Example: Indian-Chinese OR Chinese-Indian
What is Religion? What does it do
A collection of attitudes, beliefs, practices, world views and often worshipping of God/gods.
This shapes the way people interact with others, choices they make and their thinking.
How is religion in Singapore?
- Singapore citizens are free to practise their religion and propagate it.
- Inter-Religious Organisation (IRO) aims to promote peace and religious harmony among religions in Singapore.
What is Socio-economic Status (SES)? What factors affect it? How does SES affect us?
- An economic situation shared by a group of people.
- Example of factors which influence SES:
1. occupation
2. income
3. education
4. ownership of wealth - It shapes how individuals experience life as it affects one’s choice of food, entertainment and housing. This influences the circle of people one interacts with.
How is Socio-economic Status in Singapore?
The Gini coefficient is used to measure income gap between high and low income. (values closer to 1 reflect unequal distribution of income)
- 1990: 0.41
- 2007: 0.48
-2014: 0.42
-2020: 0.452, and fell to 0.375 after tax reductions
The 2020 circumstance can be attributed to the significant amount of government support provided during the COVID-19 crisis, especially for households residing in smaller HDB flats.
Those in 1-and 2-room HDB flats received SG$13 670/household member generally.
How does the Singapore government manage SES problems?
Rebates and tax reductions
What is the meaning of multicultural?
The idea of having several cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
