Chapter 36 Flashcards
What are some tasks a LVN can do?
-Start IV’s
-Administer solutions, blood & blood products
-Draw blood
-Monitor infusion & access sites
What are some tasks LPT can do?
-Draw blood
-Monitor infusions & access sites
What are some reasons IV’s would help supply the body with?
-Drugs or substances that cannot be supplied by other means (orally/rectally)
-Fluids and electrolytes—for patients who do not have adequate oral intake
-Blood, plasma, and other blood components
-Nutritional formulas containing glucose, amino acids, and lipids
How many fluids does an average adult need with a 24-hour period once it has been eliminated by the body?
An average adult needs about 1500 to 2,000 mL of fluids
What are some ways that fluid is lost?
-Hemorrhage
-Severe or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
-Excessive wound drainage
-Wounds (especially burn wounds)
-Profuse perspiration
What are some solutions that are mostly used in IV solutions?
-Glucose
-Saline
-Electrolytes
-Vitamins
-Amino acids
-Blood and blood products
This solution has the same concentration or osmolality as blood. It is used to expand the fluid volume of the body.
Isotonic solutions
This solution contains less solute than extravascular fluid. It may also cause fluids to shift out of vascular compartment.
Hypotonic solutions
This solution has a greater tonicity than blood. It also replaces electrolytes; when given as concentrated dextrose solutions, produce shift in fluid from intracellular to the extracellular compartment
Hypertonic solution
This consists of bag of solution, regular tubing set, needless connector, and IV stand
Primary intravenous set
Medications to be given intravenously often added to an existing IV line by using the piggyback method
Secondary or piggyback intravenous set
A Y-type administration set used to infuse certain blood products
Parallel intravenous set
This needle is for short term therapy and supplies in off numbered gauges (17, 19, 23, and 25)
Winged tip or butterfly needle
This consist of a needle with a catheter sheath over it. its gauges are 18, 19, 20, to 22 gauge needles
Over the needle catheters
This IV can stay in place for 6 to 8 weeks. It is positioned in the right atrium or superior vena cava.
Central venous catheters
Name this IV complication:
-Patho: IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue
-Causes: Dislodged or kinked catheter; IV improperly inserted in vein
-Symptoms: Burning, stinging, pain, swelling, coolness, numbness, feeling tightness, no blood return
-Treatment: wait to D/C IV= aspirate med out. Apply cool compress, Give antidote, D/C IV, File incident report
Extravasation
Name this Iv complication:
-Patho: IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue
-Causes: Dislodged or kinked catheter; IV improperly inserted in vein
-Symptoms: Pain swelling, coolness, numbness, Feeling of tightness, no blood return and leakage of IV site.
-Treatment: Remove the IV elevate the extremity
apply a warm compress, do not rub.
Infiltration
Name this IV complication:
-Patho: Inflammation of the vein
-Causes: irritation of the vein by the needle, catheter, medications, or additives in the IV solution
-Symptoms: Heat, redness, tenderness, edema, IV flow is down
-Treatment: Remove IV, notify the HCP, Restart the IV on the opposite side, apply warm compress
Phlebitis
Name this IV complication:
-Patho: Collection of blood in the tissues
-Blood, hard & painful lump, bruising.
-Treatment: Elevate the extremity and apply pressure & ice
Hematoma
Name this IV complication:
-Patho: Entry of microorganism into the body via IV
-Symptoms: Tachycardia, redness, swelling, chills & fever, Malaise, Nausea & vomiting
-Treatment: Remove the IV, obtain cultures, possible antibiotics administration
Infection
Name this IV complication:
-Symptoms: Sudden hypotension & tachycardia, SOB, CP, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting, coughing, change in LOC
-Treatment: Remove catheter slowly, inspect the catheter when removed, apply a tourniquet proximally to the IV site, X-rays and surgery
Air embolism
What is this called: Dyspnea, Tachycardia, Moist cough, Crackles, ↑ BP, Distended neck veins, and Edema
Fluid volume excess
Bolus fluids or medication given too rapidly
Speed shock
10 t0m15 gtt/mL
Macrodrops
60 gtt/ mL
Microdrops
Small dose of medication administered IV
Bolus
Introduction of blood components into the bloodstream
Transfusion
A machine that delivers IV fluids at a rate that is set by the nurse
Infusion pump
Tube- like chamber that holds 150 mL of fluid
Burette
Technique of providing needed nutrition intravenously
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Solution is deposited in tissue outside the vein
Infiltrated
Is another small, self-contained pump device used to deliver doses of the hormone insulin
Insulin pump
Devices such as a needle it catheter that allow direct access to the circulatory system
Vascular access devices
Piece of the catheter obstructing blood flow
Catheter embolus
What is another word for blood stream infection?
Septicemia
Internal diameter
Bore
From the patient’s own body
Autologous
