Chapter 33 Flashcards
What are the 3 classifications of drugs?
Chemical name, generic name, and trade name
Who can prescribe medications?
Physicians, dentists, osteopaths, veterinarians
What are some factors affecting absorptions or medications?
1) Route of administration
2) lipid solubility
3)pH
4)blood flow
5)local conditions at the site of administration
6) Drug dosage
Finish the absorption rate:
Skin (transdermal)
Slow absorption
Finish the absorption rate:
Mucous membranes
quick absorption
Finish the absorption rate:
Respiratory tract
Quick absorption
Finish the absorption rate:
Oral
Slow absorption
Finish the absorption rate:
Intramuscular
Depends on the form
Finish the absorption rate:
Subcutaneous
Slow absorptions
Finish the absorption rate:
Intravenous
Most rapid absorption
What are some considerations to think of before putting IV for infants and children?
1) age
2) Size
3) Weight
What are some considerations for the elderly?
1) may become more quickly dehydrated
2) may have decreased kidney functions
3) May have limited financial resources
4) may have limited vision
5) may have had a previous stroke
6) may not be able to open childproof bottles
7) may be noncompliant
What are some reasons that patients will not take prescript medications?
1) Do not comprehend the action of the drug or why it is being taken
2) Cannot tolerate a side effect of the drug
3) Inability to purchase a medication
4) Do not like to have to depend on a chemical to get well or maintain health
What are some knowledge of pharmacology do nurses need to know?
-Appropriate dosage for the patient
-Generic and trade names for drugs
-Desired effect of the drug, possible adverse reactions, and expected side effects
-Drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions
-Preparation of the drug for administration
True or false, medication error does not need to be reported.
False, Medication errors must be reported
administered directly into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Enteral
applied directly to the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, respiratory tract, vagina, rectum, and urinary tract
Topical
administered by injection using a needle and syringe or a catheter
Parenteral
Where one drug modifies the action of another
Drug interactions
Points you need to remember about the drug or include in your patient education
Nursing implications
Name not protected by trademark
Generic name
Name protected by a trademark
Trade name
break down
Degrade
The study of how drugs enter the body and reach their site of action, and how they are metabolized and excreted
Pharmacokinetics
The study of a drug’s effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and its mechanism of action is known as ____
Pharmacodynamics
Unintended actions
Side effects of
Undesirable effects with more serious consequences
Adverse effects
Occurs when the highest blood or plasma concentration of the drug is achieved
Peak action
Highest concentration
Peak
the time it takes excretion to lower the drug concentration by half
Half-life
Lower concentration
Trough
for certain drugs to ensure an effective concentration level
Levels
Drugs that produce a response
Agonists
Drugs that block a response
Antagonists
Severe allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Is the range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect without causing toxic effects
Therapeutic range
Harmful effects
Toxic effects
is the strongest warning by the FDA that a medication can carry and still remain on the market in the United States
Black box warning
Medications errors can result in __________
Adverse drug reactions (ADR) or adverse drug event (ADE)
Is the science and related activities involved in “detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects” or other drug related problems
Pharmacovigilance
Is the process of receiving the patient’s complete medication regimen at admission, transfer, and discharge and comparing it with the new regimen proposed for the new care setting
Medication reconciliation
Reasons not to administrator
Contraindications
Record listing medications prescribed and times to be given
Medication administration record (MAR) or electronic medication administration record (eMAR)
