Chapter 28 Flashcards by Katherine Aguilar

Movement of air into the lungs

Inspiration

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Movement of air out of the lungs

Expiration

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Condition of being without oxygen

Anoxia

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State of insufficient oxygen in the blood

Hypoxia

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Decreased amount of oxygen in blood stream

Hypoxemia

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Difficulty breathing

Dyspnea

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Excess carbon dioxide in the blood

Hypercapnia

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Fast breathing rate

Tachypnea

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Muscles moving inward on inspiration

Retractions

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Blue tinge to skin or mucous membrane

Cyanosis

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High pitched, harsh, or musical sounds on inspiration

Stridor

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A tube for insertion into a cavity

Cannula

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Device supplying moisture

Humidifier

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Cough up or spit out

Expectorate

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A device that dispenses liquid in a fine spray

Nebulizer

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Sticky

tenacious

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Collapsed area of the lung

Atelectasis

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Absence of breathing

Apnea

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Curved guide that is inserted into the trachea to facilitate placement of a tube

Obturator

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the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and in the cells. (physiologic)

Respiration

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the process of physically moving gases into and out of the lungs. (mechanical)

Ventilation

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What is the process and measurement of ventilation

Process: Inspiration and exhalation
Measurment: Chest rises, RR

the patient’s ability to take in oxygen from the lungs & distribute it to the tissues and organs of the body

Oxygenation

What is the process and measurement of oxygenation?

Process: oxygen diffuses into the capillaries from the alveoli & dissolved in blood and body fluids, specially, this is the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream.

Measurement: Pulse oximeter

What are some examples of obstruction of the airway?

Tongue, mucous secretions, foreign body, aspiration, vomitus, burns, COPD, near-drowning

What are some restrictions of the thoracic cage?

Chest injuries, flail chest, pneumothorax, extreme obesity, and disease

*Restlessness, irritability, confusion *Difficulty in breathing (dyspnea) *Rapid breathing (tachypnea, stridor) *Abnormal lung sounds *Cyanosis, retractions, dysrhythmias *Acid-base imbalance *Decreased oxygen saturation

Hypoxemia

What are assessments for hypoxemia?

Pulse oximeter

Infection of one or both of the lungs

Pneumonia

Oxygen therapy Liter/ min: 1-6 L/min

Nasal cannula

Oxygen therapy Liter/ min: 6-12 L/min

Simple face mask

Oxygen therapy Liter/ min: 10-15 L/min

Partial rebreather mask and non-rebreather mask

Provides constant air pressure to keep the airway open. Mainly for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Use single pressure setting tailored to the patient. Effective for mild to severe OSA case.

CPAP airflow

Keep the tongue from falling back into the throat

Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways

Delivers two air pressures: IPAP+EPAP. Used for CPAP. Intolerance or varying pressure. Treats complex sleep apnea, central sleep apnea & COPD

BiPAP air flow

maintain an airway in those who are unconscious or unable to ventilate on their own

Endotracheal tubes

What are the four ways to remove airway obstruction

-Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) -Finger sweep of airway opening -CPR to cause artificial cough -For infant, five blows between the shoulder blades

Each position assumed _______

5 to 15 minutes two to four times a day as tolerated

What are the common causes of airway obstruction in children and adults?

Food or foreign objects

What is COPD?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

What are some indications for suctioning?

-Difficulty coughing up secretions and swallowing -↓ LOC, ↓ O2 sat, ↑ HR & RR -Secretions that obstruct the airflow -Vomitus in the mouth -Adventitious/nosy breath sounds. -SOB -Restlessness

Procedure to remove secretions from oral cavity and pharynx.

Oropharyngeal

-12 to 16 Fr -Insert 6-8 in -Replace q8hr -Rest 1 min between

Nasopharyngeal/ nasotracheal

Rest 20-30 seconds between suction

Tracheostomy

suction pressure set between ____ and ____ mm Hg

80 and 120

True or false: You should never apply suction during insertion of catheter

True

Should not be performed for _______

>10 seconds

No more than __ - ___ suction

2-3x

What should you do before suctioning?

Preoxygenate patient

True or false: You should not allow patients to rest between each suction.

False, Allow patient to rest between each suction

Question 1: Bruce’s patient is showing early signs of hypoxia. Which of the following signs is not an early sign of hypoxia? A)His patient sits up to breathe B)Restlessness C)Mental dullness D)Cyanosis

D)Cyanosis

Question 2: Lisa’s patient has an order for nasopharyngeal suction. Which one is not true regarding nasopharyngeal suctioning? A)The purpose of suctioning is to maintain a patent airway by removing accumulated secretions. B)The amount of suction pressure should be set between 40 and 80 mm Hg. C)It is best to use aseptic technique for all airway suctioning. D)A catheter that has been used in the mouth is not used again for nasopharyngeal or tracheobronchial suctioning.

B)The amount of suction pressure should be set between 40 and 80 mm Hg.

Question 3: Linda’s patient has a tracheostomy. Which is true regarding tracheostomy care? A)Tracheostomy care is performed every 12 hours. B)Ties are replaced when soiled or at least weekly. C)A tracheostomy tube has an inflatable cuff, which must be deflated every 24 hours. D)Tracheobronchial suctioning is a sterile procedure.

D)Tracheobronchial suctioning is a sterile procedure.