Chapter 35- Structure and function of flowering plant Flashcards
What does the shoot system consists of?
- stems
2. leaves.
What is the function of stem?
Its produces branches, leaves, and reproductive structures.
What is the leaves?
They are flattened structures that emerges from stem; most function in photosynthesis.
What does the root system consists of?
- Root
- rhizome
- tubers
What is the function of rhziome?
it is a horizontal underground stem that may give rise to new shoots.
What is the function of tubers?
it is enlarged underground stem that store food, it may give rise to new shoots.
What meristem give rise to?
it give rise to new differentiated tissues (protoderm)
What is the function of shoot apical meristem?
it divides rapidly at the tip of the shoot, and it gives rise to new stems and leaves.
What is the function of root apical meristem?
It divides rapidly at the tip of the root, and it elongate root.
Three major types of plant tissue?
- dermal tissue
- ground tissue
- vascular tissue.
What are the three primary meristem in young leaves, stem, and roots?
- protoderm
- ground meristem
- procambium
What are the different parts of dermal tissue?
- epidermis
- Guard cell
- leaf hair or trichome
- periderm
- root hair.
what is epidermis?
It is a single layer cell that covers and protect young roots, stems, and leaves.
where does the waxy cuticle get secreted from?
They get secreted from the epidermal cell.
What is the function of guard cell?
They control stomata, they control gas exchange and water loss.
Where is guard cells located?
They are found on the leaf and stem surfaces.
What is the function of trichome?
It protects leaves.
What is the function of periderm?
It is dead cork cells that replace living epidermis of stems; provide added protection.
What is the function of root hair?
It provide root surface area for absorption.
What are the three different part of ground tissue?
- parenchyma
- collenchyma
- sclerenchyma
What is parenchyma?
It is active cell with thin cell wall; it is photosynthetic mesophyll cell.
What is the cortex?
It is a shallow stem tissue
What does parenchyma contain of?
- cortex
- internal pith
- mesophyll cell
What is the function of parenchyma?
- it store carbohydrate
2. photosynthetic cell
What is collenchyma?
It is flexible cell with thick cell wall
What is the function of collenchyma?
it provide flexible support in growing stem.
What is sclerenchyma?
It is hard cell with thick cell wall
What is the function of sclerenchyma?
They are dead cell when mature, so they provide rigid support to tissues
2. they form plant fibers and sclereids cells.
What are the key characteristic of monocot leaf structure?
- lack petiole
- leaf morphology is knife like blade.
- parallel venation.
What are the key characteristic of eudicot leaf structure?
- petiol exist
- leaf morphology is broad-leafed
- different type of venation (pinnate, and palmate)
What are the different type of broad leaf eudicot?
- simple leave
2. compound leave
What is the difference between simple leaf and compound leave in terms of structure and advantage?
- simple leave: one petiole and single blade. They maximize surface area for shady environment
- compound leave:one petiole and multiple leaflet. they foster heat dissipation in hot sunny environment.
What are the different venation the eudicot leaves have?
- pinnate (feather- like)
2. palmate (multiple from common point.)
What does the stem (non-woody) structure consists of?
- epidermis
- cortex
- sclerenchyma
- vesicle tissues.
What makes up cortex?
it is composed of flexible collenchyma and parenchyma
What is vascular cambium?
It is secondary meristem between xylem and phloem.
What is the cork cambium?
It is a secondary meristem that that produces dead cork cell that form the periderm.
What are the different type of roots?
- taproot
- fibrous root
- adventitious root
