Chapter 29- seedless vascular and nonvascular plants

Question 1

what is the common ancestor of plants?

Answer 1

Charophyte

Question 2

What are some similarities between charophyte and plants?

Answer 2

1. Both contain cellulose in their cell wall
2. both store starches for energy
3. both have similar flagellated sperm and nonmotile eggs
4. both possess plasmodesmata
5. both perform cytokinesis
6. both have same pigments
7. strong genetic DNA evidence of common ancestry.

Question 3

What does cytokinesis form?

Answer 3

it forms phragmoplast.

Question 4

What is phragmoplast?

Answer 4

It is a set of microtubules that allows green algae and plants to send vesicles to form cell plate

Question 5

Where does the cell membrane and cell wall come form?

Answer 5

They come from cell plate as cell divide after mitosis.

Question 6

What is apical meristem?

Answer 6

It is a region which give rise to undifferentiated tissues. which allows plants to continuously grow and forms new tissues.

Question 7

What a distinguishing feature about the reproductive cells?

Answer 7

They have well protected wall for dispersal by air.

Question 8

What are the three features of the plant embryo?

Answer 8

1. multicellular and diploid
2. retained on the gametophyte.
3. depends on organic and mineral materials supplied by mother placental transfer tissue.

Question 9

What is the placental transfer tissue?

Answer 9

They are fingerlike cell wall ingrowth.

Question 10

What is the function of placental transfer tissue?

Answer 10

They transfer nutrient from gametophyte to embryo

Question 11

What type of nutrient does placental transfer tissue transfer?

Answer 11

They transfer dissolved sugar, amino acid, and mineral.

Question 12

What are some key characteristic about bryophyte?

Answer 12

1. small, primitive, and simple plants that lacks true leave and root.
2. require moist habitat to live.

Question 13

Are they gametophyte or sporophyte dominant?

Answer 13

They are gametophyte dominant unlike other plant.

Question 14

Does bryophyte require water for fertilization?

Answer 14

YES.

Question 15

Where do liverwort plants live?

Answer 15

They live in rocky wet mountain.

Question 16

How does moses benefit it environment?

Answer 16

They may prevent erosion and they develop rich organic soil.

Question 17

What is gametangia?

Answer 17

It inhouses the gametes produced by gametophyte.

Question 18

What is the function gametangia?

Answer 18

it protects gametes from drying out and microbial attack.

Question 19

What is sporangia?

Answer 19

It inhouses spores.

Question 20

What is the function of sporopollenin?

Answer 20

It helps prevent damage of spores during air dispersal.

Question 21

What is tracheophyte?

Answer 21

It is a vascular plant.

Question 22

What are key features of seedless vascular plant?

Answer 22

1. sporophyte generation dominates and may become independent of the reduced gametophyte.
2. unlike bryophyte, the sporophyte are branched.
3. possess plant organs such as, leaves, root, and stems.

Question 23

What specialized conducting tissues does vascular seedless plants have?

Answer 23

They have:

1. Xylem: conduct water and mineral from root and stem to leaves
2. phloem: conduct sugar from the photosynthetic leaves

Question 24

What is the function of root?

Answer 24

1. uptake of water and mineral from soil

2. provide support

Question 25

What is the function of stem?

Answer 25

1. contain vascular tissues
2. cell wall contain lignin for structural support
3. produces leaves and reproductive tissues.

Question 26

What is the function of leaves?

Answer 26

They provide surface area for capturing sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 27

What are the adaptations of vascular plants that conserve water?

Answer 27

1. size of plants
2. three dimensional structure
3. waxy cuticle on most surfaces
4. stomata

Question 28

How does the size of plant help conserve water?

Answer 28

large size help withstand drought and mechanical stress.

Question 29

How does the three dimensional structure help conserve water?

Answer 29

low area to volume ratio reduces the evaporative water loss.

Question 30

How does waxy cuticle help conserve water?

Answer 30

prevent desiccation and pathogen attack.

Question 31

How does stomata help conserve water?

Answer 31

They are found on stem and leaves, and they are pores that can be opened and closed to permit gas exchange while minimizing water loss.