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BIO 152 > Chapter 33-Invertebrate I > Flashcards

Chapter 33-Invertebrate I Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics about Phylum porifera

A
  1. loosely organized and lack true tissues
  2. multicellular with several types of cells
  3. No apparent symmetry
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2
Q

Where does phylum porifera lives in?

A

Mostly marine and freshwater.

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3
Q

Can phylum porifera move?

A

They are sessile adult, free swimming larval stage.

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4
Q

What is Ostia?

A

Pores into the spongocoel.

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5
Q

What is Osculum?

A

It is where comes out of the spong.

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6
Q

What is function flagellated choanocytes?

A

Generate current and trap small particles and planktons

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7
Q

What is the function of amoebocytes?

A

Absorb nutrients from choanocytes and distribute to other cell throughout the sponge.

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8
Q

what is the function of epithelia cell?

A

It protects the sponge body.

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9
Q

Where are all these cells embedded in?

A

All cells are embedded in mesohyl.

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10
Q

What is mesohyl?

A

gelatinous, protein rich.

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11
Q

Where is spongin located?

A

It could be found in mesohyl

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12
Q

What is the function of spicules?

A

Provide structural support and resistant to predation.

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13
Q

How do biologist classify sponges?

A

They classify them by the shape of their spicules.

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14
Q

How do sponges reproduce?

A
  • Most sponges are hermaphrodites.

- They also reproduce asexually by budding off small sponges fragments

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15
Q

What does hermaphrodites?

A

It means that they can produced eggs and sperms in the same time.

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16
Q

Characteristic about phylum cnidaria

A
  1. Radially symmetric animals

2. diploblastic

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17
Q

where do cnidaria phylum organism lives in?

A

Mostly in marin, but some in freshwater.

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18
Q

What does diploblastic means?

A

They only have two embryonic germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm)

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19
Q

What is mesoglea?

A

Translucent jelly like layer separate two cell layers.(epidermis and gastrodermis)

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20
Q

What are gastrovascular cavity lined with?

A

They are lined with digestive cell

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21
Q

What does digestive cell do?

A

They do extracellular digestion and they allow for digestion of larger food items.

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22
Q

Does cnidaria have nerve system?

A

YES, there are nerve cell that are arranged in a diffuse nerve net. there is no center control organ

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23
Q

How many opening does Cnidaria have?

A

There are only one opening serves as both mouth and anus.

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24
Q

What are the two different body forms?

A
  1. Sessile polyp

2. free swimming medusa.

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25
Q

Sessile polyp

A

Tubular, upright body attached to substrate by the aboral end.

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26
Q

free swimming medusa

A

umbrella shaped with mouth on the underside surround by tentacles.

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27
Q

What is the function of the water in the body of cnidaria?

A

The water serves as hydrostatic skeleton.

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28
Q

What is hydrostatic skeleton?

A

Internal fluid filled cavity that provide structural support

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29
Q

What is the function of contractile cell?

A

They provide movement and nerve net provide simple coordination.

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30
Q

What is cnidocytes?

A

It is a cell that contain the nematocysts.

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31
Q

What does fires the filament (nematocysts)?

A

Cnidocil

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32
Q

What are the three different classes of cnidaria?

A
  1. Hydrozoa
  2. Scyphozoa and Cubozoa
  3. Anthozoa
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33
Q

What are examples of hydrozoa?

A

Hydra, Portuguese man of war, and Obelia

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34
Q

What are the main characteristic of hydrozoa?

A
  • Mostly marine

- They have both medusa and polyp stage with colonial polyp stage.

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35
Q

What are examples of scyphozoa and cubozoa?

A

jelly fish and deadly sea wasps

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36
Q

What are the main characteristic of scyphozoa and cubozoa?

A
  • All marine

- Medusa stage is dominant. reduced polyp stage.

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37
Q

What are examples of Anthozoa?

A

Anemones and sea fan coral

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38
Q

What are the main characteristic of

Anthozoa?

A
  • All marine

- Polyp stage is dominant. Medusa stage is dominant. Many are colonial.

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39
Q

Characteristics of platyhelminthes.

A
  1. First triploblastic (3 embryonic germ layers)
  2. acoelomate
  3. bilaterally symmetrical.
  4. first animal to have highly active lifestyle.
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40
Q

What acoelomate mean?

A

It lacks sealed fluid filled body cavity.

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41
Q

How does platyhelminthes breath?

A

they lack specialized respiratory or circulatory system to transport gases.
respire by simple diffusion.

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42
Q

Does platyhelminthes have digestive system?

A

YES, They have incomplete digestive system: pharynx serves in both feeding and expelling undigested food.

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43
Q

What is the function of gastrovascular cavity?

A

They do circulate nutrients.

44
Q

What is ocelli?

A

light sensitive eyespot.

45
Q

What is auricles?

A

They are chemoreceptive

46
Q

Do platyhelminthes have nervous system?

A

YES, nerve net plus primitive centralized nervous system.

47
Q

What is the function of cerebral ganglia?

A

It receives and coordinates sensory inputs.

48
Q

What is protonephridia?

A

It is primitive excretory system

49
Q

What is the function of flame cell?

A

Mostly osmoregulation

50
Q

How does plantyhemithes reprdouce?

A

Sexual reproduction, most hermaphrodites

asexual reproduction.

51
Q

What are the three classes of platyhelminthes?

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. cestoda
  3. trematoda
52
Q

What are example of turbellaria?

A

Planaria.

53
Q

characteristic of turbellaria class

A

It is a non parasitic class.

54
Q

What are example of cestoda?

A

Taenia (tapeworms)

55
Q

characteristic of cestoda class

A
  1. possess no mouth and no digestive tract

2. they can reach several meter in their length.

56
Q

What are Proglottids?

A

Reproductive segments.

57
Q

What is scolex

A

attaches Cestoda to the host’s digestive tract.

58
Q

Characteristic of trematoda class

A

parasitic flukes

59
Q

What are the two types of tomotada class?

A
  1. blood flukes

2. chineses liver flukes.

60
Q

How does blood flukes spread?

A

It spreads through contaminated water.

61
Q

What are example of blood flukes?

A

Schistosoma

62
Q

Chinese liver fluke

A

it is a liver parasite that feeds on bile

63
Q

what are examples of chinese liver fluke?

A

clonorchis sinensis.

64
Q

How does chinese live fluke spread?

A

from snails to fish then to humans.

65
Q

Why Rotifera phylum named that way?

A

it is named for ciliated crown or corona?

66
Q

Does Rotifera phylum have digestive system?

A

YES, They have complete digestive system with mouth and anus that allows continuous feeding.

67
Q

What does mastax do?

A

Muscular pharynx for chewing.

68
Q

What is pseudocoelom?

A

It is where internal organs lie in.

69
Q

Characteristic of Mollusca phylum

A
  1. soft body, often with protective shell body

2. diverse body plans.

70
Q

What are the three common parts between Mollusca phylum?

A
  1. mantle
  2. visceral mass
  3. muscular foot.
71
Q

what is mantle?

A

it is a skin like that may secret shell.

72
Q

What is the function of muscular foot?

A

It is used for movement.

73
Q

How does mollusca phylum organisms breath?

A

They do have external gill that they use to exchange gases.

74
Q

What type of circulatory system does Mollusca phylum have?

A

I has open circulatory system with heart.

75
Q

What fluid is used in open cirulatory system?

A

Hemolymph fluid.

76
Q

Hemolymph fluid

A

respiratory copper based protein called hemocyanin for transporting oxygen.

77
Q

what excretory system does Mollusca phylum have?

A

It has metanephridia

78
Q

What is radula?

A

Unique tongue like organ used for scraping food.

79
Q

How does Mollusca phylum reproduce?

A

by sexual and asexual reproduction (external and internal fertilization)

80
Q

What is Trochophore?

A

It is the free swimming early stage of Mollusca.

81
Q

What is Veliger?

A

The adult version of Mollusca.

82
Q

What are the three classes of Molluscs?

A
  1. Gastropods
  2. bivalves
  3. cephalopods.
83
Q

What are examples of gastropods?

A

snails, slugs, and nudibranch

84
Q

characteristic of gastropods

A
  • largest class, most aquatic but some are colonized land.

- shell reduced or lost in some.

85
Q

What are examples of bivalves?

A

clams, oyster, mussels.

86
Q

characteristic of Bivalves

A

They possess double hinged shell

87
Q

What are example of cephalopods?

A

Octopus, squids, and nautiluses.

88
Q

characteristic of cephalopods

A
  • fast swimming marine predators
  • They have closed circulatory system
  • well developed nervous system with complex eyes and brain.
  • beaklike jaws, tentacles, siphons.
89
Q

What is siphon?

A

modification of foot used for propulsion.

90
Q

characteristics of Annelida phylum

A
  • possess distinct segment
91
Q

What is the advantage of segmentation?

A
  1. Repetition components provide redundancy
  2. muscles contraction can be isolated to certain segments allowing more effective locomotion on land
  3. permit specialization on certain segments (cerebral ganglia, aortic arches…)
92
Q

Is Annelida phylum coelomate or acoelomate?

A

It is coelomate. It is filled with hydrostatic skeleton.

93
Q

What is the function coelomate in Annelida phylum?

A
  1. act as hydrostatic skeleton.
  2. Isolate organ system from outer body wall and digestive tract.
  3. it works as second transport system for distributing nutrient, wastes and respiratory gases.
94
Q

What is chaete?

A

chitinous bristle

95
Q

What is the function of chaetae?

A

They provide traction and biologist use them to identify Annelida.

96
Q

What type of circulatory system does Annelida phylum have?

A

They have closed circulatory system.

97
Q

What does the nervous system consists of?

A

Consists of pair of cerebral ganglia, and nerve cord

98
Q

What type of excretory system does Annelida phylum have?

A

They metanephridia system

99
Q

How does Annelida phylum organisms reproduce?

A
  1. sexual reproduction

2. asexual reproduction by fission or budding.

100
Q

What are the two classes of Annelida phylum?

A
  1. polychaete

2. chlilatea

101
Q

where does polychaete lives?

A

They live in marine and ocean environments

102
Q

Where is the chaete located?

A

It is located on fleshy parapodia alongside the body.

103
Q

Characteristics of polychaete

A

They have specialized head more than other and include tentacles, antennae and eyes.

104
Q

Characteristics of chlilatea (subclass oligochaeta)

A
  • have fewer chaete than polychaete.
105
Q

How does earthworm reproduce?

A

sexual reproduction (internal fertilization)

106
Q

Characteristics of Class Clitellata Subclass Hirudinea

A
  • chaete are absents and segmentation is subtle
  • secret anticoagulant enzyme called hiruden
  • blood sucking ectoparasite of fish amphibian and mammals.
107
Q

What does enzyme hiruden do?

A

maintain blood flow while feeding.

BIO 152 (11 decks)

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