Chapter 35: Abdominal Flashcards

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1
Q

Dullness

A

In fluid or solid tissue

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2
Q

Hyper resonance

A

In the presence of air

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3
Q

Crackles or rales

A

Fine to coarse bubbly sounds as air passes through fluid or re-expands collapsed small airways

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4
Q

Wheezes

A

High pitched whistling, musical sounds as air passes through narrowed or obstructed airways,usually louder on expiration

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5
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse, loud, low-pitched rumbling sounds during either inspiration or expiration resulting from fluid or mucus

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6
Q

Kyphosis

A

An increased curvature of the thoracic spine due to osteoporosis and weakened cartilage

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7
Q

Fiber requirement

A

25 to 38 g/day

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8
Q

Fluid requirement

A

2 L/day for women and 3 L/day for men

Or 1500-2000 mL

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9
Q

Laxatives

A

Softens stool

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10
Q

Cathartic

A

Medication that Promote peristalsis

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11
Q

Flatulence

A

Distention of the bowel from Gas accumulation

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12
Q

Loop colostomies

A

(Temporary) A loop of bowel is supported on the abdomen with a proximal stoma draining stool and distal aroma draining mucus

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13
Q

Double barrel colostomies

A

One proximal (drains stool) and one distal (leads to inactive intestines)

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14
Q

Fecal occult blood (guaiac) test

A

This test can detect small amounts of blood in stool. Avoid red meat, citrus fruit, raw vegetables

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15
Q

How much should you insert a Rectal tube

A

7.5 to 10 cm

Child: 5 to 7.5

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16
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

17
Q

What is the appendix connected to?

A

Cecum

18
Q

Small intestines (in order)

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illium

19
Q

Large intestine (in order)

A
Cecum 
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon
Descending colon 
Sigmoid
20
Q

Colon (stool formation)

A

Ascending colon: liquid stool
Transverse colon: semi form solid stool
Descending colon: solid stool

21
Q

Melena

A

Upper Gi Bleeding

22
Q

Bristol stool chart

A

Check type of feces

23
Q

Barium test

A

Test agent where stools appear chalky white or tan until all has been eliminated. Laxatives are given if barium remains and hardens

24
Q

Hemoccult/guaiac

A

Takes stool and test to see for microscopic blood —
positive =purple (internal bleeding)
Negative=no color change

25
Q

Fecal impaction

A

Seepage

Accumulation of stool in the rectum

26
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

Involuntary passing of stool

27
Q

Flatulence

A

Passing gas

28
Q

Distension

A

Abdomen accumulated excess gas,liquid, or stool

Abdomen appears larger

29
Q

Ascities

A

Peritoneal filled with water

30
Q

Suppository

A

Medication prepared in a base

31
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Engordes, dilated blood vessels in the rectal wall

Use sitz bath or ice pack to promote relief