Chapter 35: Abdominal Flashcards
Dullness
In fluid or solid tissue
Hyper resonance
In the presence of air
Crackles or rales
Fine to coarse bubbly sounds as air passes through fluid or re-expands collapsed small airways
Wheezes
High pitched whistling, musical sounds as air passes through narrowed or obstructed airways,usually louder on expiration
Rhonchi
Coarse, loud, low-pitched rumbling sounds during either inspiration or expiration resulting from fluid or mucus
Kyphosis
An increased curvature of the thoracic spine due to osteoporosis and weakened cartilage
Fiber requirement
25 to 38 g/day
Fluid requirement
2 L/day for women and 3 L/day for men
Or 1500-2000 mL
Laxatives
Softens stool
Cathartic
Medication that Promote peristalsis
Flatulence
Distention of the bowel from Gas accumulation
Loop colostomies
(Temporary) A loop of bowel is supported on the abdomen with a proximal stoma draining stool and distal aroma draining mucus
Double barrel colostomies
One proximal (drains stool) and one distal (leads to inactive intestines)
Fecal occult blood (guaiac) test
This test can detect small amounts of blood in stool. Avoid red meat, citrus fruit, raw vegetables
How much should you insert a Rectal tube
7.5 to 10 cm
Child: 5 to 7.5
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
What is the appendix connected to?
Cecum
Small intestines (in order)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illium
Large intestine (in order)
Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid
Colon (stool formation)
Ascending colon: liquid stool
Transverse colon: semi form solid stool
Descending colon: solid stool
Melena
Upper Gi Bleeding
Bristol stool chart
Check type of feces
Barium test
Test agent where stools appear chalky white or tan until all has been eliminated. Laxatives are given if barium remains and hardens
Hemoccult/guaiac
Takes stool and test to see for microscopic blood —
positive =purple (internal bleeding)
Negative=no color change
Fecal impaction
Seepage
Accumulation of stool in the rectum
Fecal incontinence
Involuntary passing of stool
Flatulence
Passing gas
Distension
Abdomen accumulated excess gas,liquid, or stool
Abdomen appears larger
Ascities
Peritoneal filled with water
Suppository
Medication prepared in a base
Hemorrhoids
Engordes, dilated blood vessels in the rectal wall
Use sitz bath or ice pack to promote relief
