Chapter 3.3 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

Definition of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Contain C, H, O. Hydrated carbon

Question 2

General formula for carbohydrates

Answer 2

Cx(H2O)y

Question 3

Another name for carbohydrates

Answer 3

Saccharides

Question 4

Single sugar unit

Answer 4

Monosaccharide

Question 5

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 5

Glucose
Fructose
Ribose

Question 6

Polymer of monosaccharides

Answer 6

Polysaccharide

Question 7

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 7

Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch

Question 8

Formula for glucose

Answer 8

C6H12O6

Question 9

What type of sugar is glucose

Answer 9

Hexose monosaccharide

Question 10

2 structural variations of glucose

Answer 10

Alpha and beta

Question 11

Features of glucose molecules

Answer 11

Polar - due to H bonds that hydroxyl groups and water molecules form
Soluble - due to H bonds. Important as glucose can be dissolved into cytosol of cell.

Question 12

Reaction between alpha glucose molecules

Answer 12

Condensation reaction
Hydroxyl groups interact
Bonds break and new bonds reformed in different places forming new molecule
Covalent bond is called glycosidic bond

Question 13

Sugars that make sucrose

Answer 13

Fructose + Glucose

Found in fruits

Question 14

Sugars that make up lactose

Answer 14

Galactose + Glucose

Found in dairy

Question 15

Levels of sweetness between fructose, glucose and galactose

Answer 15

Fructose>Glucose>Galactose

Question 16

Polysaccharides made from alpha glucose

Answer 16

Starch

Glycogen