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Biology > 3.1 - Biological Elements > Flashcards

3.1 - Biological Elements Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of elements

A

Different types of atoms

Distinguished by amount of protons in atomic nuclei

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2
Q

6 most abundant elements

A

C, H, O, S, N, P

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3
Q

How do atoms connect

A

Forming bonds

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4
Q

Definition of covalent bond

A

Two atoms share a pair of electrons. Electrons used are unpaired and present in outer orbitals

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5
Q

Definition of ion

A

Atom or molecule that does not have equal amount of electrons and protons.
Lose electron = positive (cation)
Gain electron = negative (anion)

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6
Q

Iconic bond

A

One atom in the pair donates an electron and the other receives it.
Positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic force of attraction of opposite charges.

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7
Q

Name of ions in solution

A

Electrolytes

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8
Q

Role of Ca2+

A

Nerve impulse transmission

Muscle contraction

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9
Q

Rolfe of Na+

A

Nerve impulse transmission

Kidney function

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10
Q

Role of K+

A

Nerve impulse transmission

Stomatal opening

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11
Q

Role of H+

A

Catalysis reactions

pH determination

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12
Q

Role of NH4+

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

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13
Q

Role of NO3-

A

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

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14
Q

HCO3-

A

Maintenance of blood pH

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15
Q

Role of Cl-

A

Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

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16
Q

Role of PO43-

A

Cell membrane formation
Nucleic acid and ATP formation
Bone formation

17
Q

Role of OH-

A

Catalysis of reactions

pH determination

18
Q

Formula of carbohydrates

A

Cx(H20)x

19
Q

What makes up lipids

A

C, H, O

20
Q

What makes up proteins

A

C, H, O

21
Q

What makes up proteins

A

C, H, O, N, S

22
Q

What makes up nucleic acids

A

H, C, O, N, P

23
Q

Polymers

A

Monomers link in a repeating pattern together to form long chains (e.g. carbohydrates - monomers are saccharides)

Biology (23 decks)

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