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Biology 221 > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an invertabrete?

A

An animal without a backbone. Makes up 95% of animal species.

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2
Q

What is the Porifera Phylum?

A

Animals in the phylum are informally called sponges. Sponges are sessile animals lacking real tissue.

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3
Q

How do Porifera feed?

A

They live as suspension feeders, trapping particles that pass through the internal channels of their body.

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4
Q

What is the Cnidaria Phylum?

A

Cnidarians include corals, jellies, and hydras.

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5
Q

What is the body plan of the Cnidaria’s?

A

These animals have a diploblastic, radially symmetrical body plan that includes a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus.

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6
Q

Which of the following statements about bilateral animals is false?

All bilateral are triploblastic (have three germ layers).
All bilateral have bilateral symmetry.
Most bilateral have tissues but some do not.
Many bilateral are invertebrates but some are not.

A

Most bilateral have tissues but some do not.

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7
Q

What are psuedocoeomates?

A

Animals with a functional body cavity lined by tissues derived from mesoderm and endoderm.

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8
Q

What is the primary species in the phylum Proifera?

A

Sponges.

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9
Q

What are filter feeders?

A

Animals that feed using a filter mechanism to strain small organism of food particles from the surrondings.

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10
Q

What type of feeders are sponges?

A

Filter feeders. They filter out particles suspended in the water and draw it into their body.

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11
Q

Water is drawn through the pores into a central cavity, the ______, and then flows out of the sponge through a larger opening called the ________.

A

Spongocoel
Osculum

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12
Q

What is the spongeocel?

A

Central cavity of a sponge.

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13
Q

What is the spongeocel?

A

Central cavity of a sponge.

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14
Q

What is the osculum?

A

A large opening in a sponge that connects the spongeocoelto the enviornment.

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15
Q

What is a choanocyte?

A

A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. A.K.A. a collar cell, it has a collar like ring that traps food particles around the base of the flagellum.

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16
Q

Define invertebrate and identify approximately what percentage of known animal species they represent.

A

Animals that lack a backbone.
Account for more than 95% of known animals species.

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17
Q

Identify the trait that separates Eumetazoa from the sponges.

A

Lack true tissues and organs.

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18
Q

What is a placozoan?

A

A basal phylum of marine free-living (non-parasitic) multicellular organism called placozoans.

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19
Q

Why is a placazoan an animal?

A

They have a large number of genes 85% are coding for proteins that are also found in animals.

20
Q

Where do we find placozoans?

A

In the sea.

21
Q

Where do we place placozoans on the phylogenetic tree?

A

Start of Metazoa.

22
Q

What is a trait that separates eumentazoa from sponges?

A

Lack true tissue and organs.

23
Q

What is the body plan of a poriferian?

A

One large internal chamber, called a spongocoel, that is lined with water-filtering choanocyte cells.
Filter feeders

24
Q

How do you sponges feed?

A

Capture food particles suspended in water that passes through body.

25
Q

What is the role of flagella on chanocytes?

A

To create flow of water through sponge pores.

26
Q

What is the body plan of cinidaria?

A

Simple diploblastic, radial body plan. Sac with a central digestive compartment. Single opening for mouth and anus.

27
Q

Compare Polyps vs Medusae.

A

Polyps is a sessile life cycle.
Medusa is a mobile life cycle.

28
Q

What is the basic life cycle of a cnidarian?

A

Medusa undergo sexual reproduction of meiosis. Egg and sperm fertilize to become zygote. Zygote develops into Planula. Planula becomes Developing Polyp. Then turns to Mature Polyp. Undergoes asexual reproduction of budding to become a Colony of Polyps. Reproductive Polyp produces a Medusa bud that becomes a Medusa.

29
Q

What is the basic body plan of the bilateria?

A

Bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development. Have a coelom and digestive tract with two openings.

30
Q

What are the 3 major classes of Bilateria?

A

3 clades: Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia.

31
Q

What is the basic body plan of the phylum Platthelminthes?

A

Flatworms that undergo triploblastic development and are acoelomates. Have gastrovascular cavity with one opening.

32
Q

What is the lifecycle of trematodes?

A

Trematodes: Ciliated larva infect snail host. Develop into Motile larva. Attach to human host to develop into Mature fluke. Lay larva.

33
Q

What is the lifecycle of tape worms?

A

Parasites of vertebrates. Lack their own digestive system so get nutrients from host’s intestine. Live off of host and sex organs are a ribbon. Leave host in feces.

34
Q

What is the process that gives ecodyozans their name?

A

Ecdysis: Shedding or molting of the cuticle that covers Ecdysozoans.

35
Q

What are the two largest phyla of Ecodyzoans?

A

Nematodes: Roundworms. Alimentary canal, but lack a circulatory system. Body wall muscles are all longitudinal. Cause diseases like elephantiasis.
Arthropods: Segmented body, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages. Molts exoskeleton to grow. Open circulatory system.

36
Q

Describe Appendages with specialized functions.

A
37
Q

Describe Exoskeleton.

A

Tough coat covering ecdysozans.

38
Q

Describe sensory organs.

A

Eyes, Olfactory receptors and antenne.

39
Q

Describe open circulatory systems.

A

Hemolymph is circulated into the spaces surrounding tissue and organs.

40
Q

Describe subgroups and their characteristics.

A

Chelicerae: claw-like feeding appendage.
Pedipalps: Secondary pair of appendages.
Book lungs: Spiders way of gas exchange.

41
Q

What are the two major phyla of Deuterostomes?

A

Echnidoerms (sea stars & sea urchins)
Chordates (include vertebrates)

42
Q

What does it mean to be a deuterostome versus a protosome?

A

Te blastophore during embryonic development.

43
Q

What are the five clades of extant echinoderms?

A

Asteroidea (sea stars and sea daisies)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

44
Q

9 different Lophotrochozoa.

A
  1. Platyhrlminthes
  2. Rotiferia
  3. Ectoprocta
  4. Brachiopoda
  5. Acanthocephala
  6. Annelida
  7. Mollusca
  8. Cylliophora
  9. Nemertea
45
Q

6 Different Ecdysozoa.

A
  1. Locifera
  2. Priapula
  3. Tardigrada
  4. Onychophora
  5. Nematoda
  6. Arthopoda
46
Q

3 Different Deuterostomia

A
  1. Hemichordata
  2. Chordata
  3. Echinodermata

Biology 221 (10 decks)

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