Chapter 32

Question 1

What are two functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

-aborption
-immunity

Question 2

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Answer 2

Auto: self feeders who make their own energy
hetero: They get their energy by eating other things

Question 3

What are the four stages of food processing, and what general event(s) occur during each stage?

Answer 3

ingestion: push food into digestive tract
digestion: chemically and mechanically break down food absorption: taking in of nutrients and energy
elimination: the expulsion of waste from the anus

Question 4

What are herbivores

Answer 4

animals that eat plants

Question 5

carnivores

Answer 5

animals that eat other animals

Question 6

omnivores

Answer 6

animal that eat many types of food

Question 7

What are suspension feeders

Answer 7

animals that eat by straining particles out of water

Question 8

What are fluid feeders?

Answer 8

animals that drink its food

Question 8

What are substrate feeders?

Answer 8

lives in food and eats from the inside

Question 9

What are bulk feeders?

Answer 9

animals that ingest large pieces of food

Question 10

What is the difference between a gastrovascular cavity and alimentary canal?

Answer 10

GC: In incomplete gut
AC: In complete gut

Question 11

What are the three
components of an alimentary canal?

Answer 11

mouth, digestive tube, and anus

Question 12

What is the path of food down the human digestive system?

Answer 12

mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 13

What are four accessory digestive glands in the human digestive
system?

Answer 13

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 14

What are two functions of the tongue?

Answer 14

pushes food
speech

Question 15

How many primary (or deciduous) teeth are there in humans?

Answer 15

20

Question 16

How many adult teeth are there?

Answer 16

32

Question 17

What are the functions of canines

Answer 17

tearing

Question 18

What are the functions of incisors,

Answer 18

cutting

Question 19

What are the functions of molars?

Answer 19

crushing

Question 20

What are four
products released from the salivary glands?

Answer 20

glycoproteins, buffers,
antibacterial agents, digestive enzymes.

Question 21

How is food moved from the mouth to the esophagus?

Answer 21

swallow reflex

Question 22

What are the functions of the epiglottis and uvula
during the swallowing reflex?

Answer 22

Epi: Prevents food from entering the trachea
Uvu: prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Question 23

How is food moved through the esophagus to the stomach?

Answer 23

muscle contraction

Question 24

What are the functions of the upper/lower esophageal sphincters

Answer 24

up: prevents food from coming back up into the throat lower: prevents food from coming up into esophagus

Question 25

What are the functions of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 25

prevents food from going back into the stomach

Question 26

What are two major functions of the stomach?

Answer 26

- breaks down proteins -storage of foods

Question 27

What are the three primary components of gastric juice?

Answer 27

digestive enzyme, mucus, and acid

Question 28

What are the functions of pepsinogen, pepsin, and HCL?

Answer 28

pepsinogen: inactive form of pepsin pepsin: breaks down proteins HCL: Turns pepsinogen into pepsin

Question 29

What is the typical pH of the stomach when active?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

What is chyme?

Answer 30

acid food mixture

Question 31

What are two functions of the small intestine?

Answer 31

-digestion -absorption

Question 32

What is the function of bile? Where is it produced and stored?

Answer 32

breaks down fats, Made in liver stored in gallbladder

Question 32

What are circular folds, villi, and microvilli, and why are they so important?

Answer 32

circular folds: First layer of intestine villi: what makes up each circular fold microvilli: what makes up each villi the add more surface area which aids with digestion

Question 33

What are two functions of the pancreas?

Answer 33

-makes enzymes to break down food -makes buffers

Question 34

What are the end products of digestion?

Answer 34

Carbs: monosaccharides protein: amino acids fats: fatty acids/glycerol nucleic acids: nitrogenous bases/sugars/phosphates

Question 35

What does the hepatic portal vein connect?

Answer 35

it connects blood/nutrients from the intestines to the liver

Question 36

What are four functions of the liver?

Answer 36

- stores nutrients -detoxifys -produces bile -nutrient conversion

Question 37

What are two major functions of the large intestine?

Answer 37

eliminates waste and absorbs water and salts

Question 38

What is the cecum?

Answer 38

landmark between the small and large intestine

Question 39

What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 39

its apart of the immune system and can regulate gut bacteria

Question 40

Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (e.g., fats), and nucleic acids begin?

Answer 40

carbs: oral cavity proteins: stomach lipids: small intestine nucleic acids: small intestine

Question 41

What is the general function of amylase, trypsin/chymotrypsin, peptidases, nucleases, and lipase?

Answer 41

amylase: breaks down carbs trypsin/chymotrypsin: breaks down proteins peptidases: breaks down proteins nucleases: breaks down nucleic acids lipase: Breaks down lipids

Question 42

What are nutrients?

Answer 42

required for normal growth, reproduction, and development

Question 43

What are the three basic nutritional needs of all animals?

Answer 43

organic building blocks, chemical energy, and essential nutrients.

Question 44

What process produces ATP in animals?

Answer 44

cellular respiration

Question 45

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 45

nutrients that the body cannot naturally make

Question 46

What are the four classes of essential nutrients?

Answer 46

essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.