Chapter 23 Flashcards
What are essential nutrients?
Substance vital for an organisms growth, reproduction, and metabolism
What are macronutrients and micronutrients?
Nutrients required in large amounts
Nutrients required in small amounts
What percentage of the dry weight of plants is carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
Carbon: 45%
Oxygen: 45%
Hydrogen: 6%
Where do plants acquire most of their oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water?
through photosunthesis, the atmosphere, their roots absorb water.
What are the functions of the cuticle
Waxy layer that coats stems and leaves preventing waterloss.
What is the function of guard cells?
regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
How are stomata opened?
By guard cells
What is one disadvantage of keeping stomata open continually?
The plant loses too much water
How is xylem sap transported?
Xylem sap is transported through the plant via the cohesion-tension theory.
What are the three major components of the cohesion-tension theory?
The three major components are Transpiration, xylem transport, and absorption.
How is phloem sap transported?
Phloem sap is transported through the plant via the pressure flow theory.
What are the five major components of the pressure flow theory?
The five major components are source, sink, pressure gradient, phloem loading, and phloem unloading.
What are sources and sinks?
1) areas that produces carbohydrates
2) areas that consumes them.
What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?
genetic diversity and adaptability to changing environments.
What are two disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
the need for a mate and the time and energy required for reproduction.
What are the functions of the stomata
Allows gases to be moved i and out
What are the functions of the epidermis
The outermost cell layer of the root cortex
What are the functions of the pericycle
produces lateral roots
What are the functions of the endodermis
the innermost cell layer of the root cortex
What are the functions of the Casparian strip?
waterproof barrier in root endodermis
