chapter 31 Flashcards
What are four functions of the respiratory system?
1) To release CO2
2) To pickup oxygen
3) thermoregulation
4) regulates PH
What are
the three phases of gas exchange in animals with lungs
1) Breathing
2) Transport of gases within circulatory system
3) exchange of gases with body cells
What is the difference between respiration and cellular (or aerobic) respiration?
Respiration: taking oxygen and letting out CO2
Cellular respiration: cells using oxygen to make energy
What is the difference
between respiration and ventilation?
Respiration: Gas exchange and energy production
ventilation: the movement of air in and out of lungs
What are positive and negative pressure ventilation?
positive: when air is pulled into the lungs by a machine using higher pressure
negative: when air is pulled into the lungs by creating lower pressure inside the chest.
What are two disadvantages related to respiration in water?
1) less oxygen is availiable in the water
2) moving water into the gills takes alot more energy
What are two advantages related to
respiration in air?
1) more oxygen is availiable in the air
2) Its easier to move air in and out of the lungs compared to water over the gills
Are gills placed internally or externally?
externally
Are lungs placed internally or externally?
internally
What is the path of air from the external environment to the lungs?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Where does the exchange of gases occur in the human respiratory system?
alveolus
What two factors must be
true of alveoli in order for diffusion to occur?
1) thin walls
2) moisture
In humans, is the movement of air into and out of the respiratory organs unidirectional or bidirectional?
bidirectional
Is
inhalation an active or passive process?
active
What two muscles are involved in inhalation?
diaphragm and skeletal muslces
How is air drawn
into the lungs?
when we inhale the diaphragm and rib cage expand and air moves in
Is exhalation an active or passive process?
passive
What are the functions of the alveolar capillaries of the lungs and the systemic capillaries?
AC: gas exchange between the lungs and the blood
SC: gas exchange between the blood and body tissue
What two factors drive the movement of gases into and out of alveoli?
diffusion and concentration gradient
What sort of biomolecule is hemoglobin, and where is it found?
a protein
How many heme groups does
hemoglobin contain?
4
