chapter 18-20 Flashcards
What is the endosymbiont theory?
Origin of eukaryotes
What are two pieces of evidence for this theory?
1) The additional membranes of organelles
2) organelles have their own dna
What are two advantages of multicellularity?
1) Size to make it easier to prey and not be preyed on
2) the more cells can specialize and do different things
What are three characteristics of protists?
1) single or multicelled
2) eukaryotic
3) autotrophic and heterotrophic
What are three eukaryotic “supergroups”? What is an example organism from each? (EXTRA CREDIT)
archaeplastida: red algae
sar: brown algae
opisthokonta: fungi
What are four general characteristics of plants?
1) autotrophic
2) contains cell wall
3) eukaryotic
4) sexual and asexual
What are the four plant adaptations for life on land?
1) retain moisture
2) obtaining resources
3) internal transportation and support
4) reproduction
What are the functions of the cuticle
coats leaves and stems preventing water loss
What are the functions of the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
transports nutrients and water throughout body of plant
What are the functions of the stomata
allows gases to be moved in and out
What are the functions of the lignin
a compound added to cell walls to strengthen plants
What are the functions of the seeds
a plant embryo and its food supply
What are the functions of the flowers
modified leaves where reproductive organs are
What are the functions of the fruits.
ripened ovaries/anything with seeds
what are is alternation of generations
plants have a haploid stage and a diploid stage
what are sporophytes and gametophytes?
sporophytes: The diploid stage of the plant life cycle
gametophytes: the haploid stage of the plant life cycle
Know how to illustrate
What are the three major plant groups?
Nonvascular plants
seedless vascular plants
seeded vascular plants
What are the general characteristics of nonvascular plants in terms of the relative size of their sporophyte and gametophyte generations and reliance on each generation for nutrition?
size: gametophytes is dominant
reliance for nutrition: gameotophytes
What are the general characteristics of seedless vascular in terms of the relative size of their sporophyte and gametophyte generations and reliance on each generation for nutrition?
size: sporophyte is dominant
reliance for nutrition: neither sporophytes gameotophytes
What are the general characteristics of seeded vascular in terms of the relative size of
their sporophyte and gametophyte generations and reliance on each generation for nutrition?
size: sporophyte is dominant
reliance for nutrition: sporophyte
What are four defining characteristics of fungi?
1) cell wall
2) eukaryotic
3) decomposers
4) reproduce sexually and asexually
To which group do mosses and ferns belong?
Mosses: nonvascular plants
ferns: seedless vascular plants
What are three (of five) fungal phyla?
1) ascomycota
2) zygomycota
3) glomeromycota
