Chapter 17 Flashcards
What are four differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
1) Pro is unicellular, euka can be multicellular/unicellular
2) Pro has no nucleus, euka has a nucleus
3) Pro has no organelles euka has organelles
4) Pro are small, euka are big
What are the two domains of prokaryotes?
1) Bacteria
2) Archae
What are four similarities between Bacteria and Archaea?
1) unicellular
2)prokaryotic
3)small
4) circular chromosomes
What are four features unique to Bacteria?
1) Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
2) some use chlorophyll in photosynthesis
3) cannot generate methane
4) Genes do not contain introns
What are four features unique to Archaea?
1) Cell wall composed of proteins
2) do not use chlorophyll
3) some can generate methane
4) Genes may contain introns
What is the nucleoid?
a region that contains dna
What are plasmids
additional DNA outside the nucleoid region
What are ribosomes
Cite of protein synthesis
what is the flagella
enables cells to move
What are the cell membrane?
provides support and structure
What is the cell wall?
provides protection
What is the glycocalyx?
The layer that surrounds the prokaryotic cell wall for protection
What are pili?
Enables cells to adhere to objects
What is peptidoglycan?
material in bacterial cell wall
What are the color and structural differences between Gram-positive and Gram-
negative bacteria?
Gram-positive: stains purple, a large layer of peptidoglycan
Gram-negative: stains pink, an additional outer membrane with middle layer of peptidoglycan
What shape are coccus, bacillus, and spirillum cells?
coccus- spherical
bacillus- rod-shaped
spirillum- spiral
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
autotrophs: self-feeders, make their energy from sunlight
heterotrophs: They get their energy by eating other things.
What are phototrophs and chemotrophs?
phototrophs: organisms that derive energy from sunlight
chemotrophs: organisms that derive energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals
What are photoheterotrophs
photoheterotrophs: uses sunlight for energy and organic molecules for carbon
What are chemoautotrophs?
chemoautotrophs: uses inorganic molecules for energy and CO2 for carbon
