Chapter 3.2 Flashcards
What country is one of the world’s worst offenders on marine plastic pollution? ——–
Philippines
Economic growth, combined with enhanced __________ and __________ is leading to higher waste generation in Philippines. ——–
production and consumption
According to GAIA, Philippines uses almost ____ million sachets a year. ——–
60
What company topped first in the world’s worst offenders for plastic pollution? ——–
Coca-cola
What is the first plastic made from synthetic components? ——–
Bakelite
What company topped third in the world’s worst offenders for plastic pollution? ——–
Nestle
Bakelite was developed in 1907 in New York, who was the person? ——–
Leo Baekeland
What company topped second in the world’s worst offenders for plastic pollution? ——–
Pepsico
What is the chemical name of bakelite? ——–
polyoxybenxylmethyleneglycolanhydride
In environmental law, [blank] [blank] principle is enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution pay for the damage done to the natural environment. ——–
Polluter Pays
Polluter Pays Principle is regarded as a regional custom because of the strong support it has received in OECD and European Union countries, and has a strong scientific basis in economics. What does OECD stand for? ——–
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
The polluter pays principle underpins environmental policy such as an [what], which if enacted by government, deters and essentially reduces greenhouse gas emissions. ——–
ecotax
What is the term for human-influenced age. The age of human development? ——–
Anthropocene
What do the greek words mean: Anthropos and kairos? ——–
human being & new
Who was Crutzen and Stoemer? ——–
they are the first people who used the term ‘Anthropocene’ in 2000
Evidence of extinction was not only documented in larger species but also in common and previously thought abundant species such as [blank] ——–
insects
Since 1989, in what percent did the number of flying insects in Germany gone down? ——–
75%
[blank] [blank] influences and drives extinction risk. ——–
Socio-economic needs
Threat is highest in areas where biodiversity is highest. ——–
hotspots
What is the most pervasive threat to tropical biodiversity? The conversion of [blank] [blank] to [blank] [blank]. ——–
natural ecosystems to agricultural crops
What is the vegetable oil that yields the most oil per hectare that it requires the least forest space? ——–
palm oil
What is the increase in oil palm production in the Philippines by year 2025-30? ——–
1838.18%
What is the cause of oil palm plantation? ——–
Habitat loss = Loss of Wildlife
200-550 elephant families. 80% declines in populations ——–
Asian elephant
400-670 tigers (currently 250 remaining). 60% decline in populations ——–
Sumatran tiger
550-650 rhinos (currently 400 remaining) ——–
Sumatran rhinoceros
30-55 viable breeding subpopulations of 500 animals each ——–
Bornean and Sumatran orangutans
Large portions of the [blank] rainforest were cleared for cattle pastures and farm fields ——–
Amazon
Name the four terrestrial vertebrates on the brink. ——–
Sumatran rhino, Clarion island wren, Espanola Giant Tortoise, Harlequin frog
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, climate change affects ranges globally. Here, ants are invading and consuming wildlife in cloud forests that have never been exposed to these marauders before. ——–
Interaction disruption
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, climate change brings stronger, more frequent storms and hurricanes; more fire-igniting lightning; and damaging floods. ——–
Storm intensity
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, periods with diminished precipitation are becoming longer, more frequent, and warmer, with grave consequences for all life. ——–
Droughts
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, global warming elevates fire risk. Fires in Australia, Amazonia, and California burned an unprecedented >5 million hectares of forest in 2019. ——–
Fire
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, arctic sea ice is declining precipitously, arctic-alpine and other cold-adapted communities are contracting, while sea-level rise threatens coastal ecosystems. ——–
Global warming
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, fertilizer and products of fossil fuel combustion are nitrifying the planet, challenging the biotas adapted to low-nutrient conditions. ——–
Nitrification
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, global trade is accelerating the movement of pernicious plants, animals, and pathogens to new regions–often with devastating consequences. ——–
Introduced species
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, chemical, light, and sound pollution of water, air, and soil are impacting plant and animal life worldwide. ——–
Pollution
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, our global population of 7.8 billion, spread planet-wide, comes at great cost to biodiversity and wildlands. Already, over 500 vertebrates have been driven to extinction. ——–
Urbanization
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, the tropics lost 11.9 million hectares of forest in 2019, mostly to agriculture. ——–
Deforestation
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, industrialized agriculture, with its attendant increases in scale, monoculturalization, nutrient input, and pesticide use, is becoming increasingly nature unfriendly. ——–
Agricultural intensification
Among the 12 Global Threats to Insects, modern, industrialized agriculture, with its increasing reliance on chemical insecticides, has led to chronic contamination of wildlands and impacts on non-target insects. ——–
Insecticides
[blank] will greatly affect many areas of Southeast Asian countries in terms of economic, livelihood, and biodiversity perspectives. ——–
Climate change
Areas with very low adaptive capacity are at high risk, and [blank] attention plays a vital role. ——–
governmental
The restoration and protection of many degraded habitats will be [what] in mitigating the effect of current climate change. ——– essential
The participation of every nation in the region is highly considered important to [two words] without borders to circumvent current and future scenarios. ——–
establish agreement
