Chapter 2.3 Flashcards
“Energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only be transformed from one form to another”.
Law of Conversation of Energy
“Each time the energy is transformed, it tends to go from a more organized and concentrated form to a less organized or dispersed form”
Law of Degradation of Energy
T|F: Energy transfer is not 100% efficient.
True
In the vocabulary of ecology, what does the prefix “auto” mean?
By itself
In the vocabulary of ecology, what does the prefix “hetero” mean?
From others
In the vocabulary of ecology, what is the base-word for energy?
“Troph”
In the vocabulary of ecology, what does the suffix “ic” mean?
Pertaining to
What mostly uses energy directly from the sun?
Autotrophs or the producers
Who produces their own food by photosynthesis in chloroplasts
Often plants (also some bacteria, lichens, etc)
Also break down food when and where needed to release energy (respiration)
Autotrophs
T|F: Autotrophs get energy from consuming other organisms.
Heterotrophs
There are two types of heterotrophs, which between the two that describes a living thing that eats other living things to survive as it cannot make its own food?
Consumer
There are two types of heterotrophs, which between the two that describes an organism that breaks down and digest the remains of organisms?
Decomposer
Give an example of a decomposer.
Bacteria and fungi
Give an example of a consumer.
Humans and animals
T|F: In heterotrophs, there exists decomposers which are essential because they are the nutrient recyclers.
True
Which between the two kinds of decomposers have a mouth which feeds on dead organisms?
Detritivore
Which between the two kinds of decomposers have no mouth and secrete digestive enzymes into their environment and absorb the nutrients?
Saprotroph
One possible energy pathway through an ecosystem. Shows who eats whom.
Food chain
All possible energy pathways through an ecosystem. Shows alternative food choices.
Food web
Make their own organic matter from inorganic nutrients and an environmental energy source –
Autotrophs
This is a kind of producer that use chlorophyll to absorb light energy —
Photosynthetic green plants
This is a kind of producer that uses purple pigment to absorb light energy —
Photosynthetic bacteria
This is a kind of producer that uses high-energy inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide —-
Chmosynthetic bacteria
T|F: Autotrophs must feed on organic matter for energy —-
False
This is a kind of consumer that feeds exclusively on plants —-
Primary consumers or Herbivores
This is a kind of consumer that feeds on both plants and animals —–
Omnivores
This is a kind of consumer that feeds on primary consumers. —-
Secondary consumers or Carnivores
This is a kind of consumer that feeds on other carnivores. —-
Higher orders of consumers or Carnivores 2.0
This is a kind of consumer that becomes associated with another plant or animal and feeds on it over an extended period of time. —–
Parasites
This is an organism that feeds on dead organic material. ——
Detritus feeders and decomposers
Fungi and bacteria that cause rotting. —–
decomposers
Organisms that feed directly on detritus. —–
primary detritus feeders
feed on primary detritus feeders. —–
secondary and higher orders of detritus feeders
T|F: Detritivores digest their food externally, whereas saprotrophs do it internally in their digestive system. ——
False, it’s the other way around
