Chapter 2.6 Flashcards
This is a type of shrub swamp dominated by Mangroves. —–
Mangrove swamp
Assemblage of woody plants that grow at the interface between land and sea in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes. ——-
Mangrove swamp
T|F: Mangrove swamp may also refer to the individual species like tree, shrub, palm or ground fern. ——
True
Often found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. ——
Marsh
T|F: Mangrove swamp is often found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. ——-
False, marsh
What provides habitats for many kinds of invertebrates, fish, amphibians, waterfowl and aquatic mammals? ——
marsh
______ have extremely high levels of biological production, some of the highest in the world. ——
marsh
What type of wetlands is characterized by spongy peat deposits, acidic waters and a floor covered by a thick carpet of sphagnum moss? ——
Bogs
______ receives all or most of their water from precipitation and supports some of the most interesting plants like sundew and temperate pitcher plants. ——
bogs
A wetland that is low in the nutrients which is enhanced by acid forming peat mosses and are important in preventing downstream flooding by absorbing precipitation. —–
Bogs
Peat-forming wetlands that receive nutrients from sources other than precipitation, and often covered by grasses, sedges, rushes and wildflowers. ——
Fens
Less acidic and have higher nutrient levels, therefore, they are able to support a much more diverse plant and animal community. ——-
Fens
Over time, peat may build up and separate the _____ from its groundwater supply and when this happens, the ______ receives 97 fewer nutrients and may become a bog. ——
fens
T|F: Tropical rainforests are found in equatorial regions and are the most biodiverse. —–
true
The vegetation in ________ is characterized by plants with spreading roots and broad leaves. —–
tropical rainforest
The monthly temperature in tropical rainforests are 20°C to ____? ——
34°C
T|F: Tropical rainforests provides more solar radiation and therefore more primary productivity. —-
true
The annual rainfall in tropical rainforests ranges from 125 to ____ cm (50–200 in). —–
660
A type of terrestrial biome that is found in Africa, South America, and Northern Australia. —–
Savannas
______ are grasslands with scattered trees. —-
Savannas
In Savanna, the normal temperature they have is 24°C to ____? —–
29°C
_______ have an annual rainfall of 51-127 cm (20-50 in). —–
Savannas
What fraction of Earth’s surface do deserts cover? —–
1/5
________ have extensive dry season and consequent fires (though plants have evolved well-developed root systems that allow them to quickly re-sprout after a fire). ——
Savannas
What are hot and dry deserts also known as? —–
Arid deserts
Can you name two examples of hot and dry deserts? ——
Sahara Desert, and Mojave Desert
______ desert covers much of the African continent. —–
Sahara
T|F: Mojave desert is located in the southwest of the United States. ——
True
How much rainfall do hot and dry deserts receive annually? —–
less than 1.5 cm of rainfall
_______ are characterized by extremely dry environments that are home to well-adapted plants and animals. ——
Deserts
Sandy, gravelly, or ____ are the types of soil that can be found in deserts. ——-
stony
How much rainfall do deserts usually get per year? ——
Less than 50 cm (20 in)
The maximum temperature range in dry deserts is 43.5°C to _____ ——
49° C
What is the minimum temperature in cold deserts? —-
-18° C
How much precipitation do cold deserts receive annually? —–
9 cm - 46 cm
Where can cold deserts be found? —–
Antarctic, Greenland, and the Nearctic realm
Scrub forests (Chaparral) are found in the Mediterranean Sea, southern coast of Australia, and ______? ——–
California
What type of vegetation dominates scrub forests (Chaparral)? ——
Shrubs
What are temperate grasslands also known as? ——
Prairies and Steppes
Where are temperate grasslands found? —-
North America and Eurasia
What is the annual precipitation range for temperate grasslands? —–
25.4 cm to 88.9 cm (10–35 in)
What is the dominant vegetation in temperate grasslands? —-
Grasses
Eastern North America, Western Europe, Eastern Asia, Chile, and ______ are temperate forests most commonly found ——
New Zealand
What type of trees dominate temperate forests? —–
Deciduous trees
What latitude range are boreal forests (Taiga or Coniferous Forest) found in? ——
50° and 60° north latitude
Alaska, Russia, northern Europe, and _____ regions are boreal forests found? —–
Canada
In what form does most precipitation occur in boreal forests? ——
Snow
What type of plants predominantly grow in boreal forests? —–
Cold-tolerant, cone-bearing plants
Pines, spruce, and ____ evergreen coniferous trees are found in boreal forests —–
fir
The _________ is located North of the subarctic boreal forests, throughout the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. —–
Arctic Tundra
How long is the growing season for plants in the Arctic tundra? —–
50–60 days
What is unique about the daylight during the growing season in the Arctic tundra? ——
Almost 24 hours of daylight
Low shrubs, _____, lichens, small flowering plants are commonly found in the Arctic tundra —–
grasses
What is the state of the soil in the Arctic tundra? —-
Perennially frozen (permafrost)
What is the biosphere also known as? —–
ecosphere
What does the biosphere consist of? ——
Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
Name two environmental issues related to the biosphere. ——
Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion
