Chapter 2.1 Flashcards
the study of the relationships living things have with each other and their environment.
Ecology
all the living things in an environment.
Biotic factors
Examples of a biotic factor includes…what?
Plants, Animals, Pests, etc.
All the non-living factors in an environment.
Abiotic factors
The (blank) / dirt in an environment cannot be called simply abiotic or biotic.
Soil
Natural population or group of population of organism which transmit specific characteristics from parents to offspring.
Species
They are reproductively isolated from other population
Species
a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.
species
The place an organism lives or the address.
habitat
The role that an organism plays in its environment or its occupation.
Niche
Nature is hierarchical and there are phenomena that are understood only when one studies the appropriate level within the hierarchy.
Ecological Hierarchy
Rearrange: Organs, Subatomic particles, Whole organisms, Complex molecules, Organ systems, Organelles, Cells.
Subatomic particles, Complex molecules, Organelles, Cells, Organs, Organ systems, Whole organisms
In levels of ecology, what defines the members of same species living in one place? It is also the interactions among individuals within a species
Population
In levels of ecology, this defines the different populations interacting in an area
Community
In levels of ecology, this is a complete community + its abiotic environment
Ecosystem
In levels of ecology, it is all parts of Earth where life exists, both biotic and abiotic.
Biosphere
a collection of interbreeding individuals belonging to the same species living together in time and space.
Population
the interactions of one population, especially relating to population size.
population ecology
T|F: Emigration increases population size.
Immigration or Natality (birth)
T|F: Emigration decreases population size.
True, or mortality
What are the things organisms need to survive ?
Natural resources
Natural resources are the things organisms needed to survive but when resources are in short supply, it can impact population growth. Aka, environmental resistance.
Limiting factors
The nutrient present in the least relative amount is the limiting nutrient. This is Liebig’s Law of Minimum, give his full name.
Justus Von Liebig (1873)
Even if all but one essential element is present, the absence of that one constituent renders the crop barren.
The Barrel Concept | Liebig’s Law of Minimum
“Organisms success is based on a complex set of conditions and that each organism has a certain minimum, maximum, and optimum environmental factor or combination of factors that determine success”
This is Shelford’s Law of Tolerance. Give his full name.
Victor Ernest Shelford (1911)
What is called the number of individuals in an area of interest?
Size
Give the methods of determining sizes.
Direct counts, Sub sampling (Quadrates), Mark & Recapture.
Expressed as individuals per unit area.
Density
In distribution, there are three types. What is not usually seen in nature (e.g. row crops)?
Uniform Distribution
In distribution, there are three types. It is rare and can occur if environmental conditions are homogeneous, little competition among organisms, and aggregation does not favor organism.
Random distribution
In distribution, there are three types. Environmental conditions are almost always heterogeneous. Heterogeneous climate, resources, water soils, etc.
Clamped distribution
What type of biome includes marine, freshwater, and wetlands?
Aquatic Biomes
Name three terrestrial biomes.
Tropical forest biome, tropical savannah, desert, temperate grassland, temperate forest, scrubland, taiga and tundra
Clamped distribution is advantageous to [blank] (parental behavior, defense, feeding (packs), shelter, etc. Increases competition for [what] may be a net positive attribute for the population.
Organism, scare resources
Method of reproduction may produce a [blank] distribution. E.g. seed dispersal, vegetative or clonal reproduction (aspen).
Clamped distribution
What growth rate is given by the symbol “r” and is expressed as a percent per unit time (e.g. % per year)
difference between the birth rate (natality) “b” and the death rate (mortality) “d”
May be positive or negative (negative growth)| r = b - d.
Net Growth Rate
This growth rate is rarely obtained or maintained in nature.
Intrinsic Growth Rate
is a species specific characteristic and varies greatly among organisms e.g. high for bacteria, low for elephants.
R(sub)max
the maximum population than an environment can sustainably support.
Carrying capacity
A population may [blank] OR temporarily overshoot the carrying capacity. If overshot, survival depends on the severity of the overshoot and the speed of environmental recovery.
Plateau
A population may plateau OR temporarily overshoot the carrying capacity. If overshot, survival depends of [blank] and [blank].
Severity of overshoot, speed of environmental recovery
In population growth curves, exponential growth models have unlimited growth and have high potential. What letter-shaped is an exponential growth model?
J-shaped
A growth model that shaped accounts for limited resources.
Logistic growth model
T|F: Logistic growth model recognizes a carrying capacity (K) which is the minimum environment density that can be supported over a sustained period of time.
Maximum population density
T|F: The formula for logistic growth curve is (dN/dT)=rN
Exponential growth
T|F: In the formula of logistic growth curve dN=rN[(K-N)/K]; the value of “K” varies with the population.
Varies with the environment
