Chapter 30: Endocrine Pancreas & Glucose Homeostasis

Question 1

Acarbose: mechanism of action

Answer 1

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 2

Miglitol

Answer 2

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 3

Voglibose

Answer 3

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 4

Acetohexamide

Answer 4

First generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 5

Chloropropamide

Answer 5

First generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 6

Tolazamide

Answer 6

First generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 7

Tolbutamide

Answer 7

First generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 8

Glimepiride

Answer 8

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 9

Glipizide

Answer 9

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 10

Glibenclamide

Answer 10

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 11

Glyburide

Answer 11

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 12

Gliclazide

Answer 12

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 13

Gliquidone

Answer 13

Second generation sulfonylurea: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 14

Nateglinide

Answer 14

Meglitidine: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 15

Repaglinide

Answer 15

Meglitidine: inhibits the ATP/K+ pump in B cells to promote insulin secretion

Question 16

Metformin

Answer 16

Insulin Sensitizer: Bigaunides. Activated AMP Dependent protein kinase. Blocks synthesis of fatty acids and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Increases insulin recepto activity and responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle

Question 17

Pramlintide

Answer 17

Amylin analogue: released from B cell along with insulin. Acts on CNS to slow gastric emptying and reduce glucose and glucagon release after meals. Makes you feel full too.

Question 18

Exenatide

Answer 18

GLP-1 analogue. Enhances insult secretion. Inhibits glucagon secretion. Decrease appetite. Delay gastric emptying.

Question 19

Liraglutide

Answer 19

GLP-1 analogue. Enhances insult secretion. Inhibits glucagon secretion. Decrease appetite. Delay gastric emptying.

Question 20

Sitagliptin

Answer 20

DDP-4 inhibitor. DDP-4 blocks GLP-1. Enhances insult secretion. Inhibits glucagon secretion. Decrease appetite. Delay gastric emptying.

Question 21

Saxagliptin

Answer 21

DDP-4 inhibitor. DDP-4 blocks GLP-1. Enhances insult secretion. Inhibits glucagon secretion. Decrease appetite. Delay gastric emptying.

Question 22

Pioglitazone

Answer 22

TZD: Insulin Sensitizer: binds to PPAR-y to make adipose, liver, and muscle more sensitive to insulin.

Question 23

Rosiglitazone

Answer 23

TZD: Insulin Sensitizer: binds to PPAR-y to make adipose, liver, and muscle more sensitive to insulin.

Question 24

Diazoxide

Answer 24

Binds to SUR1 subunit of ATP/K+ channel in the pancreatic B cells. Keeps channel open so that insulin secretion is DECREASED.

Question 25

Octreotide

Answer 25

Somatostatin analogue - inhibits GHRH release

Question 26

Glucagon

Answer 26

produced by alpha cells and stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver. INCREASES BLOOD SUGGGAAAAA