Chapter 16: Anesthetics Flashcards
What is the most widely used anesthetic? How is it administered?
Isoflurane
Inhaled
What inhaled anesthetic would be optimal for pediatric use? Why?
Halothane, bc its smell is nonirritating
“Halo for an angelic child”
Why is diethyl ether not in common use in the US?
Bc it is highly flammable
“You will DIEthyl from the flames”
Which anesthetics have malignant hyperthermia as an adverse effect?
Isoflurane *main one Enflurane Halothana Diethyl ether Nitrous oxide Desflurane Sevoflurane
With which anesthetic are seizures and epilepsy both contraindications and potential adverse effects?
Enflurane
E for epilepsy
How do you treat malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What does the following mean:
high (oil/gas)
high (blood/gas)
high potency
slow induction & recovery
What dos the following mean:
high (oil/gas)
low (blood/gas)
What agents have this property?
high potency
rapid induction & recovery
desflurane
sevoflurane
Which anesthetic with a high potency but slow induction and slow recovery can cause serious hepatoxicity?
halothane
Which anesthetic is commonly used with other agents and must be administered with oxygen, but for no more than 24 hours continuously?
nitrous oxide
Why does desflurane irritate the airway?
bc it can cause laryngeal spasm
Which anesthetics are ventilation limited?
isoflurane
enflurane
diethyl ether
halothane
Which anesthetics are perfusion limited?
Nitrous oxide
desoflurane
sevoflurane
What is the major adverse effect of nitrous oxide?
It can cause expansion of air cavities…EEEEK!
EX) pneumothorax, middle ear obstruction, bowel obstruction, intracranial air…
Which has a greater risk of causing renal toxicity, isoflurane or enflurane?
enflurane
why? i don’t know.
Rate the following from MOST potent to least
diethyl ether, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane
Halothane –> isoflurane/enflurane –> diethyl ether
How do changes in cardiac output affect induction time?
An increase in cardiac output SLOWS INDUCTION
Metabolism is not typically a significant route of removal except for with what anesthetic?
Halothane (~20%)
What effect does hyperventilation have on perfusion limited vs ventilation limited anesthetics?
Hyperventilation –> will decrease cerebral blood flow
Vent lim: faster delivery to alveoli = FASTER induction
Perf lim: decreased cerebral blood flow = SLOWER induction
What is the IV anesthetic of choice for short day surgery procedures because of its rapid elimination?
propofol
Which is the only IV anesthetic that can be used for both induction AND maintenance of anesthesia?
Propofol
How is propofol often administered?
With an intralipid preparation
What is the ultra short acting barbituate that can induce surgical anesthesia within seconds?
thiopental
Thiopental can be used for treating ___?
Inducing anesthesia
Narcoanalysis
Elevated ICP
Seizures
