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Pharmacology > Chapter 16: Anesthetics > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most widely used anesthetic? How is it administered?

A

Isoflurane

Inhaled

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2
Q

What inhaled anesthetic would be optimal for pediatric use? Why?

A

Halothane, bc its smell is nonirritating

“Halo for an angelic child”

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3
Q

Why is diethyl ether not in common use in the US?

A

Bc it is highly flammable

“You will DIEthyl from the flames”

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4
Q

Which anesthetics have malignant hyperthermia as an adverse effect?

A 
Isoflurane *main one
Enflurane
Halothana
Diethyl ether
Nitrous oxide
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
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5
Q

With which anesthetic are seizures and epilepsy both contraindications and potential adverse effects?

A

Enflurane

E for epilepsy

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6
Q

How do you treat malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

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7
Q

What does the following mean:
high (oil/gas)
high (blood/gas)

A

high potency

slow induction & recovery

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8
Q

What dos the following mean:
high (oil/gas)
low (blood/gas)
What agents have this property?

A

high potency
rapid induction & recovery

desflurane
sevoflurane

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9
Q

Which anesthetic with a high potency but slow induction and slow recovery can cause serious hepatoxicity?

A

halothane

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10
Q

Which anesthetic is commonly used with other agents and must be administered with oxygen, but for no more than 24 hours continuously?

A

nitrous oxide

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11
Q

Why does desflurane irritate the airway?

A

bc it can cause laryngeal spasm

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12
Q

Which anesthetics are ventilation limited?

A

isoflurane
enflurane
diethyl ether
halothane

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13
Q

Which anesthetics are perfusion limited?

A

Nitrous oxide
desoflurane
sevoflurane

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14
Q

What is the major adverse effect of nitrous oxide?

A

It can cause expansion of air cavities…EEEEK!

EX) pneumothorax, middle ear obstruction, bowel obstruction, intracranial air…

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15
Q

Which has a greater risk of causing renal toxicity, isoflurane or enflurane?

A

enflurane

why? i don’t know.

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16
Q

Rate the following from MOST potent to least

diethyl ether, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane

A

Halothane –> isoflurane/enflurane –> diethyl ether

17
Q

How do changes in cardiac output affect induction time?

A

An increase in cardiac output SLOWS INDUCTION

18
Q

Metabolism is not typically a significant route of removal except for with what anesthetic?

A

Halothane (~20%)

19
Q

What effect does hyperventilation have on perfusion limited vs ventilation limited anesthetics?

A

Hyperventilation –> will decrease cerebral blood flow

Vent lim: faster delivery to alveoli = FASTER induction

Perf lim: decreased cerebral blood flow = SLOWER induction

20
Q

What is the IV anesthetic of choice for short day surgery procedures because of its rapid elimination?

A

propofol

21
Q

Which is the only IV anesthetic that can be used for both induction AND maintenance of anesthesia?

A

Propofol

22
Q

How is propofol often administered?

A

With an intralipid preparation

23
Q

What is the ultra short acting barbituate that can induce surgical anesthesia within seconds?

A

thiopental

24
Q

Thiopental can be used for treating ___?

A

Inducing anesthesia
Narcoanalysis
Elevated ICP
Seizures

25
Q

Which IV anesthetic would you use to induce anesthesia in a hemodynamically unstable pt? Why?

A

etomidate

Does not effect sympathetic nervous system and thus causes minimal cardiopulm depression

** when you’re on a DATE you can become hemodynamically unstable

26
Q

What is a potential adverse effect of etomidate?

A

myoclonus

**when you’re on a DATE and nervous your hands may shake like myoclonus

27
Q

Which drug binds to the interface between the a and b subunit of GABA receptor?

A

etomidate

**when you’re on a DATE you have trouble choosing between dress A and dress B

28
Q

What is the sole anesthetic for procedures that do NOT require skeletal mm relaxation? What is its MOA?

A

ketamine

NMDA receptor antagonist

29
Q

Ketamine can cause ___ as adverse effects?

A

hallucinations, vivid dreams, psych symptoms! yiiiiikes

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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