Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Question 1

The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

Answer 1

cohesion

Question 2

the clinging of one substance to another

Answer 2

adhesion

Question 3

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Answer 3

surface tension

Question 4

a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of the molecules

Answer 5

temperature

Question 6

quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state

Answer 6

heat of vaporization

Question 7

the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state

Answer 7

evaporative cooling

Question 8

a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 8

solution

Question 9

dissolving agent of a solution

Answer 9

solvent

Question 10

substance that is dissolved

Answer 10

solute

Question 11

a solution where water is the solvent

Answer 11

aqueous solution

Question 12

sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

Answer 12

hydration shell

Question 13

any substancs that has an affinity for water

Answer 13

hydrophillic

Question 14

a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid

Answer 14

colloid

Question 15

sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule

Answer 15

molecular mass

Question 16

the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Answer 16

molarity

Question 17

a single proton with a charge of 1+

Answer 17

hydrogen ion

Question 18

has a charge of 1-

Answer 18

hydroxide ion

Question 19

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 19

acid

Question 20

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 20

base

Question 21

negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 21

pH

Question 22

substances that minimize changes in the concentration H+ and OH- in a solution

Answer 22

buffers

Question 23

refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower or more acidic than pH 5.6

Answer 23

acid precipitation

Question 24

opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges

Answer 24

polar molecule

Question 25

what are the four emergent properties of water

Answer 25

ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent, waters cohesive behavior