Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy

Answer 1

active transport

Question 2

describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its two ends, resulting in a difference in water solubility

Answer 2

amphipathic

Question 3

third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids separate into two new nuclear regions of a dividing cell

Answer 3

anaphase

Question 4

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

Answer 4

autolysis

Question 5

lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

Answer 5

autophagy

Question 6

life cycle of a single cell, from its birth until its division into two new daughter cells

Answer 6

cell cycle

Question 7

membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with various molecules; also known as plasma membrane

Answer 7

cell membrane

Question 8

small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

Answer 8

centriole

Question 9

region of attachment for two sister chromatids

Answer 9

centromere

Question 10

cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division

Answer 10

centrosome

Question 11

substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins

Answer 11

chromatin

Question 12

small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cellular surface

Answer 12

cilia

Question 13

consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid

Answer 13

codon