Chapter 3- The Gallbladder

Question 1

What does acalculous cholecystitis mean?

Answer 1

The inflammation of the gallbladder without associated gallstones

Question 2

What condition causes benign hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall?

Answer 2

Adenomyomatosis

Question 3

The surgical removal of the gallbladder is known as what?

Answer 3

Cholecystectomy

Question 4

What is the hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the gallbladder to contract called?

Answer 4

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 5

What is the most common location of gallstones?

Answer 5

Fundus

Question 6

The most common location of gallstones is in the fundus. Why?

Answer 6

Because it is the most dependent part of the gallbladder.

Question 7

Where is the GB located?

Answer 7

Posterior to the right lobe of the liver

Question 8

The gallbladder is located within what area of the Rt liver lobe?

Answer 8

Gallbladder fossa

Question 9

Is the gallbladder considered a retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organ?

Answer 9

Intraperitoneal organ

Question 10

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

Answer 10

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver

Question 11

What is the outermost layer of the gallbladder?

Answer 11

Serosal layer

Question 12

Where in the gallbladder does the cystic duct connect to the gallbladder?

Answer 12

Neck

Question 13

What forms the common bile duct?

Answer 13

The union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct

Question 14

What vessel supplies the gallbladder with blood?

Answer 14

Cystic artery

Question 15

What happens when chyme leaves the stomach?

Answer 15

The hormone CCK is released by the duodenum

Question 16

What does the CCK do to the gallbladder?

Answer 16

It causes the gallbladder to contract

Question 17

What is the most common variant in gallbladder shape?

Answer 17

Phrygian cap

Question 18

How does Phrygian cap look?

Answer 18

Gallbladder fundus is folded onto itself

Question 19

What variant causes out-pouching of gallbladder neck?

Answer 19

Hartmann pouch

Question 20

What variant causes a prominent fold located at the junction of the gallbladder neck?

Answer 20

Junctional fold

Question 21

What preparation is needed to do a gallbladder ultrasound?

Answer 21

Patient needs to be fasting for a minimum of 4 hours, preferably 8 hours

Question 22

Describe the normal appearance of the gallbladder.

Answer 22

Anechoic, pear-shaped structure in sagital.
In transverse it looks like an anechoic circle.

Question 23

The gallbladder diameter should not measure more than what?

Answer 23

4-5cm

Question 24

The gallbladder wall should measure less than what?

Answer 24

3mm

Question 25

When gallbladder disease is suspected you should look for elevation in what lab values?

Answer 25

Look for elevation in ALP, ALT, bilirubin, GGT, and WBC.

Question 26

What are some sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening?

Answer 26

Postprandial, acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, and hypoalbuminemia

Question 27

What are some sources of focal gallbladder wall thickening?

Answer 27

Gallbladder polyp, adenomyomatosis, gallbladder carcinoma, and adhered gallstones

Question 28

What are some causes of nonvisualization of the gallbladder?

Answer 28

Gallbladder completely filled with gallstones (WES sign)
Hepatization of the gallbladder (tumefactive sludge)
Air filled gallbladder or emphysematous

Question 29

What is the name for Biliary stones that form within the gallbladder?

Answer 29

Cholelithiasis or gallstones

Question 30

Gallstones are more commonly seen in the patients with the six Fs, what are they?

Answer 30

Fat, female, fertile, flatulent, fair, and forty