Chapter 3- The Gallbladder Flashcards
What does acalculous cholecystitis mean?
The inflammation of the gallbladder without associated gallstones
What condition causes benign hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall?
Adenomyomatosis
The surgical removal of the gallbladder is known as what?
Cholecystectomy
What is the hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the gallbladder to contract called?
cholecystokinin (CCK)
What is the most common location of gallstones?
Fundus
The most common location of gallstones is in the fundus. Why?
Because it is the most dependent part of the gallbladder.
Where is the GB located?
Posterior to the right lobe of the liver
The gallbladder is located within what area of the Rt liver lobe?
Gallbladder fossa
Is the gallbladder considered a retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organ?
Intraperitoneal organ
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver
What is the outermost layer of the gallbladder?
Serosal layer
Where in the gallbladder does the cystic duct connect to the gallbladder?
Neck
What forms the common bile duct?
The union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct
What vessel supplies the gallbladder with blood?
Cystic artery
What happens when chyme leaves the stomach?
The hormone CCK is released by the duodenum
What does the CCK do to the gallbladder?
It causes the gallbladder to contract
What is the most common variant in gallbladder shape?
Phrygian cap
How does Phrygian cap look?
Gallbladder fundus is folded onto itself
What variant causes out-pouching of gallbladder neck?
Hartmann pouch
What variant causes a prominent fold located at the junction of the gallbladder neck?
Junctional fold
What preparation is needed to do a gallbladder ultrasound?
Patient needs to be fasting for a minimum of 4 hours, preferably 8 hours
Describe the normal appearance of the gallbladder.
Anechoic, pear-shaped structure in sagital.
In transverse it looks like an anechoic circle.
The gallbladder diameter should not measure more than what?
4-5cm
The gallbladder wall should measure less than what?
3mm
When gallbladder disease is suspected you should look for elevation in what lab values?
Look for elevation in ALP, ALT, bilirubin, GGT, and WBC.
What are some sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening?
Postprandial, acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, and hypoalbuminemia
What are some sources of focal gallbladder wall thickening?
Gallbladder polyp, adenomyomatosis, gallbladder carcinoma, and adhered gallstones
What are some causes of nonvisualization of the gallbladder?
Gallbladder completely filled with gallstones (WES sign)
Hepatization of the gallbladder (tumefactive sludge)
Air filled gallbladder or emphysematous
What is the name for Biliary stones that form within the gallbladder?
Cholelithiasis or gallstones
Gallstones are more commonly seen in the patients with the six Fs, what are they?
Fat, female, fertile, flatulent, fair, and forty
