Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 3 Study Module > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Study Module Flashcards

1
Q

Cilia function to __________.

A

move fluids and secretions across the cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The process of differentiation resulting in the appearance of characteristic cell specializations involves __________.

A

gene repression (switching off)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) has a variety of functions that center around the synthesis of __________.

A

lipids and carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nucleoli are organelles within the nucleus that are responsible for __________.

A

synthesizing ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The proteins that allow DNA strands to form chromosomes are __________.

A

histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gene repression results in…

A

cellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Membranous organelles differ from nonmembranous organelles in that membranous organelles are __________.

A

surrounded by lipid membranes that isolate them from the cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A cell that has switched off multiple genes and restricted its ability to perform certain functions is said to be __________.

A

differentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most of the surface area of the plasma membrane consists of __________.

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structurally, the plasma membrane is best described as a __________.

A

phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

All of the following are membranous organelles except __________.

microvilli and centrioles

nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes

mitochondria and lysosomes

A

microvilli and centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most of the energy a cell needs to live is generated by the __________.

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A typical somatic cell has all of the following parts except __________.

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which organelle works with the rough endoplasmic reticulum to secrete proteins out of the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which organelle absorbs and breaks down fatty acids and other organic compounds?

A

peroxisome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cell membrane isolates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment. Why is this important for cellular communication?

A

Cytoplasm has a composition different from that of the extracellular fluid, and the differences must be maintained.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The cytoskeleton gives a cell strength and rigidity and anchors the position of major organelles. What are the primary components of the cytoskeleton?

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are lysosomes sometimes called “cellular suicide packets”?

A

The breakdown of lysosomal membranes can destroy a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The components of the plasma membrane that bind to specific molecules in the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell are the __________.

A

receptor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The energy-producing process in the mitochondria involves a series of reactions in which __________ is consumed and __________ is generated.

A

oxygen; carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The form that DNA exhibits when a cell is not dividing is __________.

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The components of the plasma membrane that can transport solutes through the plasma membrane are __________.

A

carrier proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it tends to __________.

A

eliminate local concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A sequence of three nitrogenous bases can specify the identity of __________.

A

a single amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Water-soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of a cell membrane because of __________.

A

the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A codon is defined as __________.

A

a three-base sequence on mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The process of protein synthesis is called __________.

A

translation

28
Q

During osmosis, water will always flow across a membrane toward the solution that has __________.

A

the higher concentration of solutes

29
Q

The passive process in which water moves through the plasma membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is called __________.

A

osmosis

30
Q

If the template strand of a gene had a nucleotide sequence of TACCGG, what would the sequence of bases in the mRNA be? If that mRNA were used in translation, what would the anticodons in the tRNA be?

A

The mRNA sequence is AUGGCC; the tRNA sequence is UACCGG.

31
Q

All transport through the plasma membrane can be classified as __________.

A

either active or passive

32
Q

Red blood cells are hemolyzed when the cells are placed in __________.

A

a hypotonic solution

33
Q

The passive process in which a fat-soluble molecule moves through the plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called __________.

A

simple diffusion

34
Q

The difference between an area of high concentration of solute and an area of low concentration of solute is known as __________.

A

a concentration gradient

35
Q

Which of the following processes produces messenger RNA from the template strand of the DNA?

A

transcription

36
Q

A three-base sequence about midway along the sequence of tRNA that can bond to mRNA is called a(n) __________.

A

anticodon

37
Q

An injection of a concentrated salt solution into the circulatory system would result in __________.

A

crenation of the red blood cells

38
Q

Along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of __________.

A

nitrogenous bases

39
Q

DNA is made up of a long series of nucleic acids. A predetermined sequence that contains the information to produce a specific protein is called a __________.

A

gene

40
Q

The nucleic acid molecules that actually deliver amino acids to the ribosome where translation occurs are the __________.

A

transfer RNA molecules

41
Q

Cells in our body are surrounded by extracellular fluid. A solution in which a cell exists that causes it to remain a normal size and shape is called a(n) __________ .

A

isotonic solution

42
Q

A solution that is hypotonic to cytoplasm has __________.

A

a solute concentration lower than that of the cytoplasm

43
Q

Which of the following factors influence(s) diffusion rates?

A

distance, temperature, and molecular size

44
Q

What is the functional unit of heredity?

A

gene

45
Q

Which of the following is one of the great advantages of moving materials by active transport?

A

The process is not dependent on a concentration gradient

46
Q

The spreading process of a primary tumor is called __________, and the dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is called __________.

A

invasion; metastasis

47
Q

The stage of the cell cycle during which a cell prepares to divide by growing in size is __________.

A

G1

48
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does chromatin coil up tightly and chromosomes become visible?

A

Prophase

49
Q

A type of cellular reproduction in which reproductive cells or sex cells are produced is called __________.

A

meiosis

50
Q

Ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the plasma membrane only by passing through __________.

A

a channel

51
Q

The genetically controlled death of cells is called __________.

A

apoptosis

52
Q

The process for bringing large volumes of extracellular material into the cell by forming vesicles at the cell surface is known as __________.

A

endocytosis

53
Q

What does the formation of a malignant tumor indicate?

A

Mitotic rates of cells are no longer responding to the normal control mechanisms.

54
Q

The process of cytokinesis involves __________.

A

the even division and redistribution of the proteins and molecules of the cytoplasm

55
Q

What is the most notable characteristic of the G0 phase of an interphase cell?

A

The cell is not preparing for mitosis.

56
Q

Which of the following is an example of phagocytosis in the human body?

Vacuolar digestion of a solvent

Expulsion of a specific volume of blood from the left ventricle

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

Expulsion of air from the lungs

A

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

57
Q

What is the term for the movement of malignant cells from their site of origin to distant tissues and organs?

A

metastasis

58
Q

The Golgi apparatus secretes newly synthesized proteins out of the cell by a process called __________.

A

exocytosis

59
Q

Protein channels within the plasma membrane __________.

A

permit water and ion movement at all times

60
Q

How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

A

Carrier proteins are involved.

61
Q

What is the term for the movement of a molecule across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using a carrier protein and ATP?

A

active transport

62
Q

The replication of DNA occurs primarily during which part of interphase?

A

S phase

63
Q

Cytokinesis begins with the indentation of the plasma membrane called the __________.

A

cleavage furrow

64
Q

During which stage of cell division are all the chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell?

A

Metaphase

65
Q

A type of process that moves chemicals through the plasma membrane following their concentration gradient and using a carrier is called __________.

A

facilitated diffusion

66
Q

The four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are __________.

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Anatomy (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions