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Anatomy > AP Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

AP Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior

A

Up

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2
Q

Inferior

A

Down

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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5
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Towards the point of attachment

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment

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9
Q

Diaphragm

A

Divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity

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10
Q

Visceral

A

The layer touching the organ

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11
Q

What type of microscope do we use in class?

A

Compound microscope

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12
Q

The image we see in the microscope is…

A

Upside down and backwards

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13
Q

Two top lenses of the microscope and their magnification

A

Ocular lenses, 10x magnification

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14
Q

The bottom three lenses

A

Scanning 4x, low power 10x, and high power 40-45x

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15
Q

Total magnification

A

Multiple ocular lense by the objective lense

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16
Q

As we increase magnification, the field of view gets

A

Smaller

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17
Q

Parfocal

A

As you go from lower to higher magnification, the microscope stays in focus

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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19
Q

Nucleolus

A

inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

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20
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesises proteins

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21
Q

Rough ER

A

Synthesises proteins, surrounded by ribosomes

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22
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesises lipids

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23
Q

Lipids

A

A source of energy, provides protection by surrounding organs

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24
Q

Three sources of energy

A

Carbs, lipids, protein

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25
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Makes carbs and packages carbs, lipids, and proteins into little vesicles and ships them out to different parts of the body as needed

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26
Q

Lysosome

A

Breaks down cellular waste

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27
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provides energy in the form of ATP

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28
Q

Centrioles

A

Cell division

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29
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

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30
Q

Simple squamous

A

Lines blood vessels

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31
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Lines the esophagus and some reproductive organs like the vagina

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32
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Lines kidney tubules and liver cells

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33
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Lines the sweat glands

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34
Q

Simple columnar

A

Found in small and large intestines. Has specialisations such as, brush borders called cilia which help move substances across the cell

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35
Q

Columnar cells have…

A

Goblet cells which produce mucous that help cilia move substances across the cell

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36
Q

Stratified columnar cells

A

Rare and can be found in the pancreas and salivary glands

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37
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

only found in the lining of the bladder and can expand up to 3-4x it’s size

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38
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Only 1 layer, located in the trachea, also has goblet cells and cilia

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39
Q

Connective tissue

A

Has cushioning effect, supports and protects organs, has fibers called collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

40
Q

Collagen fibers are …

A

Proteins, the strongest fiber, gives compact bone it strength, tensile strength

41
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Proteins, contain elastin, slight elasticity, found in blood vessels and skin

42
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Strong and flexible, form a network for the lymphatic system

43
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Most common, found beneath skin and muscle

44
Q

Adipose connective tissue

A

Found on the walls of our organs, stored as yellow marrow

45
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Forms network for lymphatic system

46
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, adipose and reticular

47
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic connective tissue

48
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

A lot of collagen fibers, makes up tendons and ligaments

49
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

50
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

51
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Has less collagen and more elastic fibers, found in the dermis

52
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Found in skin, arteries and structures of developing fetus

53
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of a molecule from a greater concentration to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

54
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

55
Q

Diffusion and osmosis use …. Energy

A

Kinetic energy, it’s passive transport

56
Q

A solution is made up of two parts

A

Solute and solvent

57
Q

Solute

A

Smaller amount

58
Q

Solvent

A

Larger amount

59
Q

RBC in isotonic solution

A

Has no effect

60
Q

RBC in hypotonic solution

A

RBC would expand and lyse. RBC loses salt and gains water.

61
Q

RBC in hypertonic solution

A

Loses water, gains salt. Cell crenates.

62
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of a cells nuclear material

63
Q

Largest phase of the cell cycle

A

Interphase

64
Q

G1 Phase

A

Where a cell starts to grow

65
Q

S Phase

A

Cell continues growth and begins replication

66
Q

G2 Phase

A

Final growth and division before mitosis

67
Q

Mitosis starts with…

A

One parent cell and ends with two daughter cells

68
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

PMAT

69
Q

Prophase

A

Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, the nuclear membrane disappears, and the mitotic spindles form between the two pairs of centrioles

70
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes in the center align horizontally across the middle of the cell, attach to the mitotic spindles, and form the metaphase plate

71
Q

Anaphase

A

Shortest phase of mitosis. The chromosomes that are aligned separate as chromatids and become daughter chromosomes and go to opposite sides of the cell.

72
Q

Telophase

A

The center crimps inward and forms the cleavage furrow, the nuclear membrane starts to reform and the mitotic spindles disappear

73
Q

Cytokinesis

A

When telophase ends, the cleave furrow continues until the cell is divided into two identical daughter cells

74
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

75
Q

Thick skin

A

Located on the soles of feet and palms of hands

76
Q

1st layer of thick skin

A

Stratum corneum

77
Q

2nd layer of thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum (only found in thick skin)

78
Q

3rd layer of thick skin

A

Stratum granulosum

79
Q

4th layer of thick skin

A

Stratum spinosum

80
Q

5th layer of thick skin

A

Stratum basale

81
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Detects light pressure

82
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Secretes oil

83
Q

Sudoriferous gland

A

Sweat gland

84
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

contracts to pull on hair

85
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Cushioning, energy

86
Q

Pacinian carpucle

A

Detects deep pressure

87
Q

Compact bone

A

The outside edge where all the strength is

88
Q

Osteon

A

around structure, main component of compact bone

89
Q

Haversian canal

A

Travels through the center of the osteon

90
Q

Lamella

A

Ring of bone around the haversian canal

91
Q

Collagen fibers (bone)

A

Overlapping fibers found within the lamella that give compact bone it’s strength

92
Q

Lacuna

A

Small cavities between the bone lamella; contains an osteocyte

93
Q

Canaliculi

A

Pass through the lamella; provides blood flow; connects one osteocyte with another osteocyte

94
Q

Volkmans canal

A

Channels that permit blood flow

95
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside of the bone

Anatomy (34 decks)

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