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Anatomy > Chapter 2 Powerpoint > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Define an atom and have a basic understanding of its subatomic particles

A

An atom is the smallest stable unit of matter.

Composed of Protons (p+), Neutrons (n), and Electrons (e[)

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2
Q

How does atomic structure affects the mass number and atomic weight of the chemical elements?

A

Mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons.

Atomic weight accounts for the fact that an element is a mixture of isotopes.

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3
Q

What is the relationship between electrons and energy levels?

A

The first level holds two electrons, levels two and three hold 8 electrons.

Atoms will react in ways that fill their valence shells with a stable number of electrons.

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4
Q

What are the ways in which atoms combine to form molecules and compounds?

A

Atoms combine to create ionic or covalent bonds.

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5
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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6
Q

What is the importance of hydrogen bonds in liquid water?

A

hydrogen bonds can change shape of molecules or pull molecules together, allowing water to exist as a solid, liquid, or gas

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7
Q

Define Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions inside of our body

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8
Q

Define work, kinetic energy, and potential energy.

A

work - movement of an object or change in physical structure of matter

kinetic energy- energy of motion

potential energy- stored energy

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9
Q

Distinguish among the major types of chemical reactions important to physiology

A

A chemical reaction is a process in which a chemical bond is formed or broken.

Reactants - participants at the start of the reaction (left)

Products - generated at end of the reaction (right)

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10
Q

What is the crucial role of enzymes in metabolism?

A

they lower the activation energy requirements of chemical reactions

promote chemical reactions, function as catalysts (accelerate chemical reaction), allow reactions to proceed under conditions compatible with life

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11
Q

What are the four properties of water and their significance in the body?

A

lubricant, chemical reactant, high heat capacity, and solvent

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12
Q

How do the chemical properties of water affect the solubility of organic and inorganic molecules?

A

both inorganic and organic molecules dissolve in water

hydrophilic - dissolve in water

hydrophobic - nonpolar, do not dissolve in water

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13
Q

pH

A

Measure of H+ concentration in bodily fluids

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14
Q

What is the role of buffers in body fluids?

A

helps to maintain normal pH of bodily fluids

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15
Q

Structures and functions of carbohydrates

A

hydrophilic, energy use and storage

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16
Q

Structures and functions of lipids

A

hydrophobic, chemical messengers and components of cellular structures

help form and maintain outer cell membrane and intracellular membranes

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17
Q

Protein structure and essential functions within the body

A
18
Q

How do enzymes function within the body?

A

enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

19
Q

What is the structure and function of high-energy compounds?

A
20
Q

DNA vs RNA

A
21
Q

Protons

A

Positive electrical charge

22
Q

Neutrons

A

electrically neutral

23
Q

Electrons

A

negative electrical charge

much smaller than protons or neutrons

24
Q

Ionic bond

A

transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another to achieve stability

25
Q

Covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons between atoms that forms molecules

26
Q

Molecules

A

chemical structure consisting of one or more elements held together by covalent bonds

27
Q

Single covalent bond

A

share one pair of electrons

28
Q

Double covalent bond

A

shares two pairs of electrons

29
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

30
Q

Hydrolysis (decomposition)

A

decomposition reaction that involves water

31
Q

Catabolism (decomposition)

A

collective term for decomposition reactions in the body

refers to breaking covalent bonds (form of potential energy)

32
Q

Synthesis reactions

A

opposite of decomposition, assembles smaller molecules into larger molecules

always involves formation of new chemical bonds

33
Q

Dehydration synthesis (condensation)

A

formation of complex molecule by removing a water molecule

34
Q

Anabolism

A

refers to forming new chemical bonds

collective term for synthesis reactions

35
Q

Solvent

A

the liquid in which other atoms, ions, or molecules are distributed

36
Q

Solute

A

the dissolving substance

37
Q

Solution

A

a uniform mixture of two or more substances

38
Q

Acidic pH

A

below 7

39
Q

Neutral pH

A

equal to 7

40
Q

Alkaline (basic)

A

above 7

41
Q

Monosaccharides

A

simple sugar composed of three to seven carbon atoms

Anatomy (34 decks)

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