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Anatomy > Chapter 1 Study Module > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Study Module Flashcards

1
Q

Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that __________.

A

each level is dependent on the others

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2
Q

In negative feedback control of body temperature, the sweat glands and blood vessels of the skin are examples of______

A

Effector organs

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3
Q

In the middle of winter, we need to stay warm. In regulating the temperature in your home, the thermostat plays which part of the control system

A

Control Center

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4
Q

In a homeostatic system, blood clotting is an example of ____

A

Positive feedback

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5
Q

Which statement best describes how a negative feedback system works?

A

In negative feedback, the response of the body negates or counteracts a disruption of homeostasis.

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6
Q

The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called __________.

A

Positive feedback

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7
Q

In homeostatic regulation of the body’s internal environment, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A

In the human population, there is a wide range of normal set point values.

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8
Q

Which of the following homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involves a response to a stimulus that reverses or negates the stimulus?

A

Negative feedback

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9
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence in which the parts of a homeostatic control mechanism operate?

A

Receptor; control center; effector

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10
Q

“Homeostasis” refers to __________.

A

the existence of a stable internal environment

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11
Q

Multiple body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in our bodies. Which of the following body systems is not involved in concentrating wastes?

Digestive system,
Urinary system,
Integumentary system,
or Cardiovascular system,

A

Integumentary system

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12
Q

Medical terminology is based heavily on which languages?

A

Greek and Latin

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13
Q

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. What is the term that defines the targeted value to be maintained?

A

Set point

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14
Q

Which part of a homeostatic control system receives information about a change in the body, processes that information, and sends out commands to correct the change?

A

Control center

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15
Q

What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation?

A

To respond to the commands of the control center

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16
Q

Multiple body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in our bodies. Which of the following body systems is not involved in maintaining blood pressure?

Nervous system,
Cardiovascular system,
Digestive system,
or Endocrine system

A

Digestive system

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17
Q

If the temperature of the body rises above 37°C (about 99°F), negative feedback is triggered to __________.

A

increase heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating

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18
Q

Which of the following statements is not accurate in describing the set point and the normal range of homeostatic regulation?

There can be some fluctuation around the set point and the body will compensate for it.

The set point is a precise value of bodily function that must be maintained perfectly or the body immediately suffers.

In some cases, the body will tolerate wide fluctuations in the normal range and can still compensate without disruption of function.

The narrower the normal range is, the closer the regulation must be to avoid disruption of bodily function.

A

The set point is a precise value of bodily function that must be maintained perfectly or the body immediately suffers.

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19
Q

What is the term for the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment in an organism?

A

Homeostasis

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20
Q

Which of the following statements best characterizes positive feedback control of homeostasis?

In positive feedback, the response of the body enhances the original change in homeostasis.

Most homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involve positive feedback.

In positive feedback, the response of the body always causes a decrease in the original stimulus.

In positive feedback, the response of the body positively corrects the change in homeostasis.

A

In positive feedback, the response of the body enhances the original change in homeostasis.

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21
Q

The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called __________.

A

negative feedback

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22
Q

The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called __________.

A

equilibrium

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23
Q

In the homeostatic regulation of body temperature, which of the following is the control center?
Temperature sensors in the hypothalamus of the brain

Temperature sensors in the skin

Sweat glands

The thermoregulatory center in the brain

A

The thermoregulatory center in the brain

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24
Q

Which part of the homeostatic control system detects changes in the internal environment?

A

Receptor

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25
Q

The term which describes organs that are situated between the peritoneum and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity is __________.

A

retroperitoneal

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26
Q

The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the

A

pleural and pericardial cavities

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27
Q

What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

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28
Q

The external genitals of a human are located in the pubic region of the body. Another name for the pubic region is the __________ region.

A

hypogastric

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29
Q

Making a sagittal section results in the separation of __________.

A

Right/Left portions of the body

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30
Q

Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?

A

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

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31
Q

What is the name for the space above the diaphragm, between the lungs, filled with a mass of connective tissue supporting the esophagus, trachea, and thymus, as well as some blood vessels?

A

Mediastinum

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32
Q

In what body cavity would you find the liver?

A

Abdominal

33
Q

In which quadrant would you find the liver?

A

Right upper

34
Q

Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a __________ direction.

A

Proximal

35
Q

In anatomical position, the head is __________ to the chest.

A

Superior

36
Q

The stomach is located in the __________ cavity.

A

abdominal

37
Q

Which sectional planes of the body could show parts of both lungs and the heart?

A

Transverse and frontal

38
Q

The heart and the lungs are located in the __________ cavity.

A

thoracic

39
Q

Fill in the correct directional term to complete the following sentence. The heart is __________ to the lungs.

A

medial

40
Q

The skin is __________ to the muscles.

A

superficial

41
Q

In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located?

A

Pelvic cavity

42
Q

The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the __________.

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

43
Q

Anatomical landmarks are often used as part of the name of a structure to show where that structure is located in the body. What area of the body does the term brachium refer to?

A

arm

44
Q

The knee is proximal to the __________.

A

foot

45
Q

What is the common name for the antebrachium?

A

forearm

46
Q

The anatomical landmark that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the __________.

A

diaphragm

47
Q

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the __________ region.

A

cervical

48
Q

The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the __________.

A

diaphragm

49
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing erect, face forward (anteriorly), arms at
side, palms anterior facing
Lying face up in supine position

50
Q

What is the term meaning “cutting open” that denotes the study of the structure of internal and external features of the body and how they relate to each other?

A

anatomy

51
Q

Which organ system includes the stomach, liver, and small intestine and processes, digests, and absorbs nutrients from food?

A

digestive system

52
Q

Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is __________.

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

53
Q

The smallest living units in the body are __________.

A

cells

54
Q

Histology is the study of __________.

A

tissues

55
Q

The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the __________.

A

organism

56
Q

What is the term for the study of how living organisms perform their functions?

A

physiology

57
Q

In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form __________.

A

tissues

58
Q

Anatomy is the study of __________, and physiology is the study of __________.

A

structure; function

59
Q

The study of the structure of muscle tissue is an example of __________.

A

histology

60
Q

Which organ system is responsible for the support and protection of organs and tissues and includes bones and cartilage?

A

skeletal system

61
Q

Which of the following levels of organization is the smallest and simplest?

A

chemical level

62
Q

The study of the function of the stomach is an example of __________.

A

organ physiology

63
Q

Heat production is a major function of the __________ system.

A

muscular

64
Q

The organ system responsible for the internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the __________.

A

cardiovascular system

65
Q

The two regulatory systems in the human body are the __________.

A

nervous and endocrine systems

66
Q

______ are the smallest stable units of matter.

A

atoms

67
Q

General storage of specific substances is one of the functions of which cell type(s)?

A

bone cells and fat cells

68
Q

What type of physiological response typically results from positive feedback loop mechanisms?

A

extreme (exaggerated) responses

69
Q

The loin is located in which region of the body?

A

lumbar

70
Q

The appendix is located in which abdominopelvic region?

A

hypogastric region

71
Q

Responsiveness, adaptability, growth, reproduction, and locomotion are active processes that require

A

energy

72
Q

____ is required for survival in a constantly changing world.

A

adaptability

73
Q

A physiologist looking at the heart focuses on its

_____ properties.

A

functional

74
Q

Form and function are interrelated in that

_____ mechanisms can be fully understood only in terms of the underlying structural relationships.

A

Physiological

75
Q

The estimated 200 different cell types of the human body show remarkable
_____ in appearance and function.

A

diversity

76
Q

_____ is the primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation

A

negative feedback

77
Q

A person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be ____ when face up, and prone when face down.

A

supine

78
Q

A _____ section, which is a cut parallel to but not on the midline, separates the body into unequal right and left portions.

A

parasagittal

79
Q

The kidneys and pancreas, which lie between the peritoneal lining and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity, are said to be

A

retroperitoneal

Anatomy (34 decks)

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