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PSY 305 > Chapter 3 Pt. 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Pt. 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

vision is based on what type of energy

A

visible light (light energy or photons from the environment)

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2
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

electrical energy spreading microscopic waves

most perceived light comes from reflected light and show colors based on electromagnetic spectrum

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3
Q

wavelengths

A

distance between peaks of electromagnetic waves

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4
Q

visible light to humans (in nm)

A

400 to 700 nm

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5
Q

color of shorter wavelengths

A

blue

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6
Q

color of medium wavelengths

A

green

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7
Q

color of longer wavelengths

A

yellow / orange / red

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8
Q

pupil

A

an opening for light to enter

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9
Q

iris

A

muscle that can make pupil dilate or constrict

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10
Q

cornea

A

nonadjustable clear part covering the front

80% of where images are focused

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11
Q

lens

A

adjustable to deal with distance

20% if where images are focused

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12
Q

ciliary muscles

A

help shape the lens to focus on far and close objects

changes the lens

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13
Q

retina

A

back of the eye containing rods and cones

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14
Q

optic nerve

A

sends electrical signals to the brain

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15
Q

rods

A

represent photoreceptors

large, cylinder shape

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16
Q

cones

A

represent photoreceptors

small, cone-like

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17
Q

what is the outer segment of the retina?

A

visual pigments

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17
Q

visual pigments

A

react to light and create electrical signals to optic nerve

chemical for colors

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18
Q

fovea

A

aka macula

small area containing only cones

the area that you look directly at is where fovea is located

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19
Q

photoreceptor distribution in fovea

A

50,000 cones

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20
Q

peripheral retina

A

outside of fovea

contains more rods than cones

21
Q

photoreceptor distribution in peripheral retina

A

120 mil rods

6 mil cones

22
Q

macular degeneration

A

when fovea is destroyed, people are unable to see the direct center (only) of what they are looking at

23
Q

reitinitis pigmentosa

A

poor peripheral vision

degeneration of retina passed on from one generation to another

in severe cases, not only do rods get attacked but cones in fovea do too, causing blindness

24
Q

blind spot

A

area where there is absence of retina and visual receptors

located near optic nerve

25
Q

why is our blind spot not noticeable? review demos (fig. 3.7 and 3.8 on p. 43)

A

it is off the visual field where objects aren’t sharply focused

brain fills in the blind spot

26
Q

accommodation

A

unconscious adjustment of lens’s shape to focus image

27
Q

what happens to lenses when ciliary muscles tighten?

A

lens bend (thicker curvature)

focus on near object

28
Q

what happens to lenses when ciliary muscles relax?

A

lens flatten (thinner curvature)

focus on far objects

29
Q

near point

A

point at which a close object can precisely reach the retina so that it can be seen clearly

30
Q

far point

A

point at which a far object can precisely reach retina so that it can be seen clearly

31
Q

refractive errors

A
32
Q

is accommodation foolproof? why?

A
33
Q

presbyopia

A
34
Q

myopia

A
35
Q

two possible problems for myopia

A
36
Q

hyperopia

A
37
Q

how do photoreceptors process light energy?

A
38
Q

transduction

A
39
Q

what are visual pigment molecules and where are they located?

A
40
Q

molecule

A
41
Q

two parts of a visual pigment molecule

A
42
Q

isomerization (+ what happens when it occurs?)

A
43
Q

dark adaptation

A
44
Q

threshold

A
45
Q

sensitivity

A
46
Q

three adaptation curves

A
47
Q

visual pigment bleaching

A
48
Q

visual pigment regeneration

A
49
Q

how long do cones and rods regenerate their pigments?

A
50
Q

two important relationships between perception and physiology when examining visual pigment regeneration

A

PSY 305 (12 decks)

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