Chapter 3: Practice Quiz Questions

Question 1

__________ theorists emphasize that socialization reaffirms and reproduces the class structure in the next generation rather than challenging the conditions that presently exist.

Answer 1

conflict theorists

Question 2

Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna, a child who was kept in an attic‑like room in her grandfather’s house, because __________.

Answer 2

he wanted to know more about what happens when a child is raised in isolation

Question 3

Which of these is the correct sequence of psychologist Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

Answer 3

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Question 4

__________ pioneered sociobiology, arguing that genetic inheritance underlies many forms of social behavior, including war and peace, envy and concern for others, and competition and cooperation.

Answer 4

Edward Wilson

Question 5

Which of these is not an example of a total institution?

a. a university residence hall
b. a prison
c. a monastery
d. basic training for the military

Answer 5

a. a university residence hall

Question 6

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality. The __________ is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on innate pleasure-seeking drives.

Answer 6

ego

Question 7

According to sociologist Charles Horton Cooley, the __________ refers to the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.

Answer 7

looking-glass self

Question 8

The “I” is the __________ element of the self and represents the spontaneous and unique traits of each person.

Answer 8

subjective

Question 9

Theorists using a __________ perspective emphasize that families are important for society because they are the primary source for the procreation and socialization of children.

Answer 9

functionalist

Question 10

Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. This statement reflects the________________ perspective on socialization and society.

Answer 10

functionalist

Question 11

According to sociologist George Herbert Mead, in the __________ stage of self-development, interactions lack meaning and children largely imitate the people around them.

Answer 11

preparatory

Question 12

According to the sociological perspective, four components make up our self-concept. Which of the following is NOT one of the components of our self-concept?

a. physical self
b. active self
c. social self
d. creative self

Answer 12

d. creative self

Question 13

During which life stage does one’s focus tend to shift from the physical and active dimensions of self toward the social and psychological aspect?

Answer 13

between early and late childhood

Question 14

__________ is the term for the sum total of perceptions and feelings that an individual has of being a distinct and unique person (a sense of who and what one is).

Answer 14

Self

Question 15

Why is socialization such an important process for human beings?

Answer 15

Achieving full human potential requires interaction with others.

Question 16

In the “nature versus nurture” debate regarding socialization, the “nature” component refers to __________.

Answer 16

heredity

Question 17

The cases of Anna and Genie are presented in the text in order to illustrate the point that_____________________________.

Answer 17

socialization is essential for normal human development

Question 18

Throughout childhood and adolescence, boys and girls typically are assigned different household chores and given different privileges (such as how late they may stay out at night). This is an example of __________.

Answer 18

gender socialization

Question 19

__________ theorists assert that students have different experiences in the school system depending on their social class, their racial—ethnic background, the neighborhood in which they live, and their sex/gender.

Answer 19

Conflict

Question 20

Joe has decided to join a monastery. At this monastery, there will be silence for eight hours a day and fasting from food on a regular basis. Joe will experience ______ resocialization.

Answer 20

voluntary

Question 21

From a contemporary __________ perspective, children are active and creative agents, not just passive recipients of the socialization process. From this view, children construct their own peer culture by borrowing from adult culture.

Answer 21

symbolic interactionist

Question 22

Children whose biological and emotional needs are met in settings characterized by affection, warmth, and closeness see the world __________.

Answer 22

as a safe and comfortable place

Question 23

Psychologist Carol Gilligan believes that women and men often have divergent views on morality. She argued that men are more concerned with __________, whereas women are likely to consider the __________ involved in the situation.

Answer 23

law and order; social relationships

Question 24

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school basketball team, reads articles about the best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This is an example of __________.

Answer 24

anticipatory socialization

Question 25

The significant difference between childhood socialization and adult socialization is that ____________________________.

Answer 25

adult socialization involves greater freedom of choice than does childhood socialization

Question 26

Which of these is not an example of a rite of passage?

a. an annual dinner honoring all retiring employees
b. a weekly religious service
c. a wedding
d. a quinceañera

Answer 26

b. a weekly religious service

Question 27

According to Freud, “It’s wrong to steal” is an expression of the ________.

Answer 27

superego

Question 28

__________ is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature, in the form of our genetic makeup, is a major factor in shaping human behavior.

Answer 28

sociobiology

Question 29

What is it that sets peer groups apart from schools and families as agents of socialization?

Answer 29

Unlike schools and families, peer groups allow children a degree of freedom from authority

Question 30

Luther’s pastor is a very important influence in his life. Many of Luther’s actions are attempts to win the approval of his pastor. Sociologist George Herbert Mead would suggest that the pastor is one of Luther’s __________.

Answer 30

significant others

Question 31

Piaget believed that in each stage of human development (from birth through adolescence), children’s activities are governed by their __________.

Answer 31

perception of the world around them

Question 32

Sociologist George Herbert Mead divided the self into the “I” and the “me.” A difference between these two elements of the self is that the “me” is:

Answer 32

the organized set of attitudes of others that an individual assumes

Question 33

In a series of laboratory experiments, psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow attempted to demonstrate __________.

Answer 33

the effects of social isolation on nonhuman primates raised without contact with others of their own species