Chapter 10: Practice Quiz Questions

Question 1

According to the human capital model, women as a category earn less money than men because______________________.

Answer 1

women diminish their earning capacity when they leave the labor market to engage in childbearing and child-care activities

Question 2

According to the text’s discussion of peers and gender socialization,_____________________.

Answer 2

peer groups on college campuses are organized largely around gender

Question 3

In __________ societies, a steady source of food becomes available. People grow their own food using simple hand tools, such as the digging stick and the hoe.

Answer 3

horticultural

Question 4

Sex is not always clear-cut. Occasionally, a hormone imbalance before birth produces a person who is __________, in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete.

Answer 4

intersexed

Question 5

Earnings differences between men and women are widest for __________.

Answer 5

white and Asian Americans

Question 6

__________ refers to the means by which a society gains the basic necessities of life, including food, shelter, and clothing.

Answer 6

Subsistence

Question 7

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the wife assumes the __________ tasks of providing affection and emotional support for the family.

Answer 7

expressive

Question 8

__________ refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process.

Answer 8

Gender role

Question 9

At puberty, an increased production of hormones results in the development of __________, the physical traits (other than reproductive organs) that identify an individual’s sex.

Answer 9

secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

The term __________ refers to all the ideas regarding masculine and feminine attributes that are held to be valid in a society.

Answer 10

gender belief system

Question 11

In the perspective of __________, gender equality is equated with equality of opportunity.

Answer 11

liberal feminism

Question 12

__________ is the term for the division of jobs into categories with distinct working conditions, which contributes to women having separate and unequal jobs.

Answer 12

Labor market segmentation

Question 13

Which of these countries was the last to offer legal recognition of gay and lesbian marital relationships?

Answer 13

United States

Question 14

Occupational segregation contributes to the __________, which refers to the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings.

Answer 14

pay gap

Question 15

The __________ is the level of technology and the organization of the economy in a given society.

Answer 15

technoeconomic base

Question 16

When sexual harassment is reported to teachers, _____________________.

Answer 16

the problem is often ignored

Question 17

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the husband performs the __________ tasks of providing economic support and making decisions.

Answer 17

instrumental

Question 18

Women of color are more likely than white women to be concentrated in which of these types of jobs?

Answer 18

public-sector employment

Question 19

Sexism is interwoven with __________, which is a hierarchical system of social organization where cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men.

Answer 19

patriarchy

Question 20

The text points out that a macrolevel analysis of gender examines structural features, external to the individual, that perpetuate gender inequality. These structures have been referred to as __________, meaning that gender is one of the major ways by which social life is organized in all sectors of society.

Answer 20

gendered institutions

Question 21

In discussing peers and gender socialization, the text points out that_____________________.

Answer 21

male peer groups place more pressure on boys to do “masculine” things than female peer groups place on girls to do “feminine” things

Question 22

__________ is the belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of the worker.

Answer 22

Pay equity

Question 23

According to Marx and Engels,__________________________.

Answer 23

monogamous marriage is the creation of the capitalist class

Question 24

__________ are societies in which technology supports a service- and information-based economy.

Answer 24

Postindustrial societies

Question 25

__________ in the social world is/are gendered.

Answer 25

Virtually everything

Question 26

According to __________, male domination causes all forms of human oppression, including racism and classism.

Answer 26

radical feminism

Question 27

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2014 __________ percent of all secretaries in the United States were women, and __________ percent of all mechanical engineers in the United States were men.

Answer 27

93; 91

Question 28

In their investigation of the role of peer groups for college women, anthropologists Holland and Eisenhart found that _________________________.

Answer 28

the peer system propelled women into a world of romance in which their attractiveness to men counted most

Question 29

In a definitive study of sexuality in the mid-1990s, researchers at the University of Chicago established three criteria for identifying people as homosexual or bisexual. Which of the following is not one of the criteria they identified?

Answer 29

having engaged in a homosexual encounter at a young age

Question 30

The text uses the term __________ for men or women who do not alter their genitalia but who live as members of the opposite sex.

Answer 30

cross-dresser

Question 31

The best-documented consequence of gender-segregated work is __________.

Answer 31

the gender pay gap

Question 32

Parents are involved in gender socialization through______________________.

Answer 32

the purchase of children’s toys that reflect the parents’ gender expectation

Question 33

__________ refers to an individual’s preference for emotional–sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both (bisexuality).

Answer 33

Sexual orientation

Question 34

“Women’s roles as nurturers and caregivers are even more pronounced in contemporary industrialized societies. This division of family labor ensures that important societal tasks will be fulfilled. It also provides for family members.” This statement is consistent with the __________.

Answer 34

functionalist perspective

Question 35

__________ is a person’s perception of the self as female or male. Typically established between eighteen months and three years of age, it is a powerful aspect of our self-concept.

Answer 35

Gender identity

Question 36

__________ is the term for the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.

Answer 36

Sexism

Question 37

__________ in the United States created a gap between the nonpaid work performed by women at home and the paid work that was increasingly performed by men and unmarried girls.

Answer 37

Industrialization

Question 38

In which of these types of societies do women have relative equality with men?

Answer 38

hunting and gathering

Question 39

__________ refers to the domestication of large animals as the primary means of subsistence.

Answer 39

Pastoralism

Question 40

According to functional analysts such as Talcott Parsons, __________.

Answer 40

women’s roles as nurturers and caregivers are even more pronounced in contemporary industrialized societies

Question 41

__________ is how a person perceives and feels about his or her body; it also includes an awareness of social conditions in society that contribute to this self-knowledge.​

Answer 41

Body consciousness

Question 42

According to liberal feminism, __________.

Answer 42

the roots of women’s oppression lie in women’s lack of equal civil rights and educational opportunities

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about gender stratification in horticultural and pastoral societies?

Answer 43

In horticultural societies, neither sex controls the food supply

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true about gender socialization in schools?

Answer 44

Boys express much more favorable attitudes toward physical exertion and exercise than girls do

Question 45

Most crossdressers are __________.

Answer 45

heterosexual men

Question 46

Hijra, xanith, and berdache are all examples of __________.

Answer 46

a third sex

Question 47

One dimension of the objectification of women is that __________.

Answer 47

women are responded to primarily as “females” and their personal qualities are of secondary importance

Question 48

In the context of gender-segregated work in the United States, the text notes that __________.

Answer 48

more than half of all men or all women workers would have to change occupations to eliminate gender-segregated jobs

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true about gender socialization?

a. Parents are more likely to assign maintenance chores to boys.
b. Boys are less likely to be paid for doing chores at home than girls.
c. Parents tend to give baby boys more gentle treatment.
d. Boys are more often engaged in cooperative play in toy commercials.

Answer 49

a. Parents are more likely to assign maintenance chores to boys.

Question 50

__________ refers to the concentration of women and men in different occupations and jobs.

Answer 50

Gender-segregated work