Chapter 16: Practice Quiz Questions

Question 1

The looting and other behavior that took place in Los Angeles after the Rodney King trial and celebrations that turn violent after some sporting events are both examples of __________.

Answer 1

riots

Question 2

__________ crowds provide opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy, excitement, or grief). People release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with other persons experiencing similar emotions.

Answer 2

Expressive

Question 3

The term __________ refers to nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.

Answer 3

civil disobedience

Question 4

When a gunman recently shot into a crowded movie theater in Colorado, what occurred in the theater would be termed a(n) __________.

Answer 4

panic

Question 5

__________ movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

Answer 5

Resistance (regressive)

Question 6

The text observes that most sociological research on fashion has focused on __________.

Answer 6

clothing, especially women’s apparel

Question 7

Sociologists using the __________ approach are interested in how individuals in a given collectivity learn about what is going on, how to interpret activities, and how to behave.

Answer 7

emergent norm

Question 8

Convergence theory has been criticized because it does not explain___________.

Answer 8

the differences between those people who take collective action and those who do not

Question 9

__________ movements seek to bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones.

Answer 9

Revolutionary

Question 10

__________ refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Answer 10

Relative deprivation

Question 11

Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically are members of __________ movements.

Answer 11

revolutionary

Question 12

Tabloid newspapers and magazines such as the National Enquirer and People, and television entertainment “news” programs that present “inside” information on the lives of celebrities, are sources of contemporary __________.

Answer 12

gossip

Question 13

As a social movement develops, leaders emerge to organize others and give them a sense of direction. This is the value-added condition of __________.

Answer 13

mobilization for action

Question 14

Sociologists define __________ as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time.

Answer 14

social change

Question 15

Sociologist __________ asserted that fashion serves mainly to institutionalize conspicuous consumption among the wealthy.

Answer 15

Thorstein Veblen

Question 16

Sociologist John Lofland states that different forms of collective behavior can be distinguished by the feelings that are expressed and perceived. He terms these the __________.

Answer 16

dominant emotion

Question 17

__________ refers to rumors about the personal lives of individuals.

Answer 17

Gossip

Question 18

According to __________ theory, people who are satisfied with their present condition are less likely to seek social change. Social movements arise as a response to people’s perception that they have been deprived of their “fair share.”

Answer 18

relative deprivation

Question 19

The difference between a fad and a fashion is that________________.

Answer 19

fashions tend to last longer than fads

Question 20

According to sociologist Robert Park, social unrest is transmitted by a process of __________, in which one person’s discontent is communicated to another, who, in turn, reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Answer 20

circular reaction

Question 21

__________ focuses on the ability of members of a social movement to acquire resources and deploy people in order to advance their cause.

Answer 21

Resource mobilization theory

Question 22

When fans express joy and exuberance during celebrations after sports victories by storming athletic courts or fields, they are most likely engaging in __________.

Answer 22

riots

Question 23

Mobs, riots, and panics are examples of __________.

Answer 23

acting crowds

Question 24

__________ is based on the assumption that participants in social movements make rational decisions about goals and actions and must have some degree of economic and political resources to make the movement a success.

Answer 24

Resource mobilization theory

Question 25

__________ refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Answer 25

Relative deprivation

Question 26

Propaganda is __________.

Answer 26

disseminated by those with a vested interest in the given issue

Question 27

Political opportunity theory states that __________.

Answer 27

people will choose those options for collective action that will produce the most favorable outcome for their cause

Question 28

Love Canal residents were engaging in __________ when they called attention to their problems with the chemical dump site by staging a protest in which they “burned in effigy” the governor and the health commissioner to emphasize their displeasure with the lack of response from these public officials.

Answer 28

mob behavior

Question 29

Movements are more likely to occur when a person, class, or agency can be singled out as the source of the problem. In the context of value-added theory, which of the following conditions does this statement best illustrate?

Answer 29

structural conduciveness

Question 30

​The first U.S. sociologist to investigate crowd behavior was __________.

Answer 30

Robert Park

Question 31

The term __________ refers to unsubstantiated reports on an issue or a subject.

Answer 31

rumor

Question 32

In the __________ of a social movement, widespread unrest is present as people begin to become aware of a problem. At this stage, leaders emerge to agitate others into taking action.

Answer 32

incipiency stage

Question 33

__________ argued that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior in a crowd because they are anonymous and feel invulnerable.

Answer 33

Gustave Le Bon

Question 34

William believes that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior when they are in a crowd. According to him, crowds help people feel invulnerable and give them a sense of anonymity, and hence, they tend to act collectively rather than as individual rational beings. William is most likely a proponent of __________.

Answer 34

contagion theory