Chapter 16: Practice Quiz Questions Flashcards
The looting and other behavior that took place in Los Angeles after the Rodney King trial and celebrations that turn violent after some sporting events are both examples of __________.
riots
__________ crowds provide opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy, excitement, or grief). People release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with other persons experiencing similar emotions.
Expressive
The term __________ refers to nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.
civil disobedience
When a gunman recently shot into a crowded movie theater in Colorado, what occurred in the theater would be termed a(n) __________.
panic
__________ movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.
Resistance (regressive)
The text observes that most sociological research on fashion has focused on __________.
clothing, especially women’s apparel
Sociologists using the __________ approach are interested in how individuals in a given collectivity learn about what is going on, how to interpret activities, and how to behave.
emergent norm
Convergence theory has been criticized because it does not explain___________.
the differences between those people who take collective action and those who do not
__________ movements seek to bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones.
Revolutionary
__________ refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.
Relative deprivation
Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically are members of __________ movements.
revolutionary
Tabloid newspapers and magazines such as the National Enquirer and People, and television entertainment “news” programs that present “inside” information on the lives of celebrities, are sources of contemporary __________.
gossip
As a social movement develops, leaders emerge to organize others and give them a sense of direction. This is the value-added condition of __________.
mobilization for action
Sociologists define __________ as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time.
social change
Sociologist __________ asserted that fashion serves mainly to institutionalize conspicuous consumption among the wealthy.
Thorstein Veblen
Sociologist John Lofland states that different forms of collective behavior can be distinguished by the feelings that are expressed and perceived. He terms these the __________.
dominant emotion
__________ refers to rumors about the personal lives of individuals.
Gossip
According to __________ theory, people who are satisfied with their present condition are less likely to seek social change. Social movements arise as a response to people’s perception that they have been deprived of their “fair share.”
relative deprivation
The difference between a fad and a fashion is that________________.
fashions tend to last longer than fads
According to sociologist Robert Park, social unrest is transmitted by a process of __________, in which one person’s discontent is communicated to another, who, in turn, reflects the discontent back to the first person.
circular reaction
__________ focuses on the ability of members of a social movement to acquire resources and deploy people in order to advance their cause.
Resource mobilization theory
When fans express joy and exuberance during celebrations after sports victories by storming athletic courts or fields, they are most likely engaging in __________.
riots
Mobs, riots, and panics are examples of __________.
acting crowds
__________ is based on the assumption that participants in social movements make rational decisions about goals and actions and must have some degree of economic and political resources to make the movement a success.
Resource mobilization theory
__________ refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.
Relative deprivation
Propaganda is __________.
disseminated by those with a vested interest in the given issue
Political opportunity theory states that __________.
people will choose those options for collective action that will produce the most favorable outcome for their cause
Love Canal residents were engaging in __________ when they called attention to their problems with the chemical dump site by staging a protest in which they “burned in effigy” the governor and the health commissioner to emphasize their displeasure with the lack of response from these public officials.
mob behavior
Movements are more likely to occur when a person, class, or agency can be singled out as the source of the problem. In the context of value-added theory, which of the following conditions does this statement best illustrate?
structural conduciveness
The first U.S. sociologist to investigate crowd behavior was __________.
Robert Park
The term __________ refers to unsubstantiated reports on an issue or a subject.
rumor
In the __________ of a social movement, widespread unrest is present as people begin to become aware of a problem. At this stage, leaders emerge to agitate others into taking action.
incipiency stage
__________ argued that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior in a crowd because they are anonymous and feel invulnerable.
Gustave Le Bon
William believes that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior when they are in a crowd. According to him, crowds help people feel invulnerable and give them a sense of anonymity, and hence, they tend to act collectively rather than as individual rational beings. William is most likely a proponent of __________.
contagion theory
