Chapter 3- Part 4

Question 1

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 1

A disease that occurs as bones lose calcium and other minerals, making them fragile and more susceptible to fatigue

Question 2

What is the relationship between people suffering from osteoporosis and minerals, and what does this result in?

Answer 2

They lose minerals at a rate faster than the mineral absorption rate, thus bone strength and density are lowered

Question 3

How can the risk of osteoporosis be reduced?

Answer 3

By maintaining the recommended daily intake of calcium, regular muscle-strengthening exercises, ceasing smoking and alcohol levels

Question 4

What is arthritis?

Answer 4

A musculoskeletal disorder that involves the inflammation of one or more joints

Question 5

What are some common issues associated with arthritis?

Answer 5

Inflammation, pain, stiffness and joint weakness

Question 6

What are the two common forms of arthritis?

Answer 6

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 7

What is cartilage?

Answer 7

A fine, rubbery connective tissue, that acts as a cushion between the bones of joints

Question 8

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 8

A degenerative joint disease where a persons cartilage starts to break down and wear away

Question 9

What happens once this cartilage wears away?

Answer 9

Bones begin to rub together and result in pain, swelling and reduced movement

Question 10

What is osteoarthritis influenced by?

Answer 10

Previous joint injury/trauma, repetitive weight bearing tasks, obese body composition or a lack of regular physical activity

Question 11

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 11

A chronic disease where the body’s immune system attacks the synovial membrane, causing joints to be left painful, inflamed and damaged

Question 12

What happens in response to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

The body produces excessive synovial fluid which leads to deformity and joint destruction

Question 13

What are musculoskeletal conditions?

Answer 13

Disorders of the bones, muscles and their attachments

Question 14

How common are musculoskeletal conditions and what percentage of Australians have them?

Answer 14

They are the most common chronic conditions in Australia, and 28% of Australians have conditions

Question 15

What is bone made up of?

Answer 15

Mostly the protein collagen, as well as calcium and minerals which add strength

Question 16

When do people tend to have achieved peak bone mass?

Answer 16

Between the ages of 25-30

Question 17

Why are women at an increased risk of osteoporosis after menopause?

Answer 17

Drops in oestrogen levels reduce uptake of calcium in bone formation

Question 18

How can osteoporosis be diagnosed?

Answer 18

By measuring a person’s bone mineral density

Question 19

What percentage of the Australian population do back problems affect?

Answer 19

14% of Australians

Question 20

What can go wrong in training and recovery which can lead to musculoskeletal injury?

Answer 20

Inadequate pre-participation screen, unprofessional coaches, poorly designed training programs, lack of adequate recovery and poor environmental conditions

Question 21

What is an autoimmune disease?

Answer 21

A disease where the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which attacks the synovial membrane

Question 22

What role does Vitamin D play in bone formation?

Answer 22

It assists in bone calcium uptake