Chapter 2- Part 4

Question 1

What do synergist muscles do?

Answer 1

Assist the agonist to produce the required movement, by reducing any excessive or unnecessary movements

Question 2

What are the characteristics of fusiform muscles and give an example?

Answer 2

Parallel, shorter fibres, greater cross-sectional area, low force production, generate greater contractile velocities, best suited to speed and power
Eg: Biceps

Question 3

What are the 3 types of pennate muscles?

Answer 3

Multipennate, unipennate, bipennate

Question 4

Why are pennate muscles able to generate more force and strength than fusiform muscles?

Answer 4

They allow considerably greater amounts of fibres to be packed into a muscle

Question 5

What are the 5 different muscle shapes within our body??

Answer 5

Circular, convergent, parallel, fusiform and pennate

Question 6

What are the characteristics of unipennate muscles and give an example?

Answer 6

Fibres run horizontally and attach to one side of the tendon

Eg: Tibialis Anterior

Question 7

What are the characteristics of bipennate muscles and give an example?

Answer 7

Fibres run horizontally either side of a central tendon

Eg: Rectus Femoris

Question 8

What are the characteristics of multipennate muscles and give an example?

Answer 8

Fibres branch from several tendons and generate the greatest force as more fibres can be packed into the muscle
Eg: Deltoids

Question 9

What are the characteristics of circular muscles and give an example?

Answer 9

Fibres are arranged in concentric rings and surround external body openings which they close by contracting
Eg: Muscles surrounding the mouth and eyes

Question 10

What are the characteristics of convergent muscles and give an example?

Answer 10

Broad origin, fibres converge towards a single tendon of insertion, allow for maximum force production
Eg: Pectoralis Major

Question 11

What are the characteristics of parallel muscles and give an example?

Answer 11

Length of the fibres runs parallel to the long axis of the muscle, not very strong but have good endurance
Eg: Sartorius

Question 12

What are all skeletal muscle made up of?

Answer 12

Fascicles, which are bundles of muscle fibres

Question 13

How are messages received by motor neurone?

Answer 13

They are sent through the spinal cord as electrical impulses

Question 14

What are motor neurone?

Answer 14

Nerve cells which send messages to muscle from the brain, and bring about voluntary movement

Question 15

What are sensory neurone?

Answer 15

Nerve cells which receive messages from the muscles and deliver them back to the brain

Question 16

Where is the nucleus found?

Answer 16

In the nerve cell body

Question 17

What are dendrites?

Answer 17

Short branches off the cell body that receive incoming impulses

Question 18

What is the role of the axon?

Answer 18

To carry impulses away from the cell body and to the next neuron

Question 19

What does the muscle belly consist of?

Answer 19

Thousands of fascicles (bundles of muscle fibres)