Chapter 2- Part 1 Flashcards
What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?
The skeletal system made up of bones and joints, and the voluntary muscle system
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
To protect vital internal organs, provide support to aid posture, store fuels and minerals, allow movement to occur and produce red blood cells
How many bones are there in total in the human skeleton?
206 bones
What does the axial skeleton provide and include?
It provides the main support for the body, includes the cranium, mandible, sternum, rib cage and vertebral column
What is the appendicular skeleton made up of and include?
It is made up of limb bones, includes the ulna, radius, femur, tibia, carpals and scapula
What is cartilage?
The shock absorbing gel between joints
What are ligaments?
Fibrous connective tissues, which connect bones to other bones and provide strength around a joint
What are tendons?
A tough band of fibrous connective tissue, generally situated at the end of the muscle belly, which connect muscles to bones
Why do ligaments take longer to repair and heal than tendons?
They have a poorer blood supply and are often subjected to greater stress
What is the role of the vertebral column?
It provides the body with a central structure for maintenance of good posture
What does the vertebral column consist of in order of superior to inferior?
7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx
Which are the unfused and fused bones of the vertebral column?
Unfused = Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar Fused = Sacrum, Coccyx
What does the cervical consist of?
7 neck bones, responsible for supporting the head
What is the role of the 12 thoracic bones?
They allow a connection between the rib cage and spinal column, as well as protecting the heart and lungs
What are the 5 lumbar bones and what are their characteristics?
Lower back bones, which are the largest vertebrae bones and have the highest weight-carrying capacity
What does the sacrum consist of and what is its role?
5 bones which are fused to the pelvis, and distribute upper body weight to the lower body
What does the coccyx consist of and what is its role?
4 fused tail bones, provides a site for muscle attachment of the lower body, which allows movement to occur
What will occur to someone who injures their ligaments?
Inflammation and pain will occur at the site of injury, joint instability and potential for further injuries will occur because joints are able to move in excess of their normal range of motion
