Chapter 2- Part 2 Flashcards
What are short bones and give an example?
They have a similar width and length and are a cube-like shape, such as the tarsals
What are long bones and give an example?
They are longer than they are wide and contain bone marrow, such as the humerus
What are sesamoid bones and give an example?
Small bones developed in tendons around some joints, such as the patella
What are flat bones and give an example?
They have large, flat surfaces for muscle attachment and usually enclose cavities for protecting organs, such as the ribs and sternum
What are irregular bones and give an example?
They have no regular characteristics, such as the vertebrae
What are joints?
The intersection of two or more bones
What are the 3 major types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What are fibrous joints?
Fixed and immoveable, such as the skull or pelvis
What are cartilaginous joints?
Slightly moveable and joined by cartilage, such as the vertebrae
What are synovial joints?
They offer a full range of movement and move freely in at least one direction, such as the hip or knee
Which joints are most common and what do they allow?
Synovial joints are found more than any other joint, and they allow the greater amount of movement
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Pivot, gliding, hinge, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
What is the basic structure, movement and example of a pivot joint?
A uniaxial joint that only allows rotation
Rotation of one bone around another
Eg: Atlas and axis
What is the basic structure, movement and example of a gliding joint?
Occurs where flat bones glide past each other, usually in a biaxial manner
Gliding movements
Eg: Carpals/tarsals
What is the basic structure, movement and example of a hinge joint?
A uniaxial joint
Flexion, extension
Eg: Knee, elbow
