Chapter 3 Part 2

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Observable characters

DNA carries instructions for synthesis of proteins which determine your trait.

Question 2

DNA in the nucleus

Answer 2

DNA is double stranded and coils around itself to fit in small space called Nucleus.

Question 3

Histone protein

Answer 3

A protein that provides support a chronostone

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

A complex of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Tightly wrapped coils of DNA

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

Proteins that hold two sister chromatids together

Question 7

Germ (Sex) cells

Answer 7

Found in sex organs

Haploid: cells have 23 chromosomes in each

Diploid: Cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 8

Somatic cells

Answer 8

Found outside sex organs

They are all diploid cells with 46 chromosomes each

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

DNA is a long parallel chains of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Four nitrogenous bases

Answer 10

1.Adenine (A)
2.Thymine (T)
3.Cytosine (C)
4.Guanine (G)

A bounds to T
C bounds to G

Question 11

Genes

Answer 11

1 gene codes for 1 protein

1 gene req min of 300 base pairs

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

100 amino acids is required to build 1 protein

Question 13

Polypeptide

Question 14

Codons

Answer 14

A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Process of converting DNA into RNA

Question 16

What are the three types of RNA which are formed by transcription

Answer 16

•mRNA (messenger)
•tRNA (transfer)
•rRNA (ribosomal)

Question 17

TRANSLATION

Answer 17

•It is the formation of a linear chain of amino acids from an mRNA strand

Question 18

Initiation

Answer 18

(mRNA binds ribosome; joined by tRNA)

Question 19

Elongation

Answer 19

(more tRNA brings additional amino acids to elongate the protein)

Question 20

Termination

Answer 20

(end of protein formation)

Question 21

Permeability

Answer 21

determines which substances can enter or leave cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 22

Freely permeable

Answer 22

Any substance can pass (not found in living cells)

Question 23

Membrane transport: Passive

Answer 23

Does not require ATP

Diffusion:

Question 24

Carrier-mediated transport

Answer 24

Active (requires atp)

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Diffusion is the movement of ions or molecules (usually solutes or gas) from area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 26

EQUILIBRIUM

Answer 26

When the particles are evenly distributed, movement continues but no net distribution

Question 27

OSMOSIS

Answer 27

Osmosis is the movement of water from area of low concentration to high concentration

Question 28

TONICITY

Answer 28

This is the measure of osmolarity or concentration of solute in a solution.
•This affects the amount of water in a cell.

Question 29

Isotonic

Question 30

Hypotonic

Question 31

Hypertonic