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Bio 230 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells

A

Cells are the smallest unit of living things

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2
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid outside the space of cells

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3
Q

intracellular fluid.

A

The fluid inside of a cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Is the area between cell membrane and nuclear membrane

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5
Q

Organelles (“little organs”)

A

intracellular structures with specific functions

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6
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier separating inside of cell from extracellular fluid

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7
Q

ORGANELLES - Surrounded by membrane

A

.Nucleus
•Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Golgi apparatus
•Lysosomes
•Peroxisomes
•Mitochondria

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8
Q

ORGANELLES - Not surrounded by membrane

A

•Cytoskeleton
•Microvilli
•Centrioles
•Cilia
•Flagella
•Ribosomes

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9
Q

NUCLEUS ORGANELLE

A

Largest organelle in the cell, usually located in center of cell.

It contains genetic information of cells (DNA).
•It determines the cell structure and function of cells

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10
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Produce proteins packaged in vesicles

Often associated with ribosomes

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11
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Function: Produce lipids and carbohydrates

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12
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies and re-packages secretions into secretory vesicles for release from cell (exocytosis)

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13
Q

LYSOSOMES ORGANELLE

A

Fuse with organelle/vesicle and destroy them

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14
Q

PEROXISOME ORGANELLE

A

Breakdown harmful chemicals like Hydrogen Peroxide inside cell

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15
Q

MITOCHONDRIA ORGANELLE

A

ATP is generated here

Contains mitochondrial DNA (genes from mother only)

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16
Q

CYTOSKELETON ORGANELLE

A

Functions as cell’s skeleton
•Provides internal protein framework
•Gives cytoplasm strength and flexibility

17
Q

MICROVILLUS ORGANELLE

A

Finger-shaped extensions of cell membrane

18
Q

CENTRIOLES ORGANELLE

A

These are cylindrical structures composed of microtubules
They help move DNA (chromosomes)

19
Q

CILIA ORGANELLE

A

Cilia is a long, slender plasma membrane cell extensions

They flap rhythmically to move fluids or secretions across cell

20
Q

RIBOSOMES

A

This is a small structure consisting of RNA and proteins

21
Q

Apoptosis

A

Controlled cell death

22
Q

Mitosis

A

•2 daughter cells are produced from one existing cell

23
Q

INTERPHASE

A

This is a state where a cell performs all its functions

24
Q

G0 phase

A

cells not preparing to divide stays in this phase. (Ex. Skeletal muscle cells and Neurons stay here forever)

25
Q

G1 Phase

A

Normal cell functions, cell growth, duplication of organelles, protein synthesis

26
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication occurs

27
Q

G2 Phase

A

last minute protein synthesis and centriole replication

28
Q

M-phase

A

Includes mitosis and cytokinesis

29
Q

Mitosis

A

•This is the division and duplication of the cells

30
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis

A

•There are 4 stages:
1.Prophase
2.Metaphase
3.Anaphase
4.Telophase

31
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm of new cells

32
Q

PROPHASE

A

•Nuclear envelope disintegrates

33
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at metaphase plate

34
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromere splits
•Chromatids separate
•Chromatids drawn toward opposite sides along spindle apparatus

35
Q

TELOPHASE

A

Cells prepare to enter interphase
•Cytoplasm constricts along metaphase plate forming cleavage furrow
•Nuclear membranes re-form
•Nuclei enlarge
•Chromosomes uncoil to chromatin

36
Q

CYTOKINESIS

A

Begins with formation of cleavage furrow
•Completion marks end of cell division

37
Q

Nucleolus

A

Producing and assembling ribosomes

Bio 230 (8 decks)

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