Ch 8 Skeletal System Flashcards by Don Duran

Axial Skeleton

80 bones

Run along body’s midline

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Appendicular Skeleton

126 bones

Bones away from the midline

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Facial bones

14 bones

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Nasal bones

Support superior portion of the bridge of the nose

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Lacrimal bones

Form part of medial wall of the orbit (eye socket)

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Palatine bones

Form the posterior portion of the hard plate

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Zygomatic bones

Form part of the cheekbone

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Maxillary bones

Support the upper teeth

part of 4 paranasal sinuses

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Inferior nasal conchae

Increase epithelial surface area to warm area

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Vomer

Forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

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Mandible

Lower jaw

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Cranial bones

8 bones

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Frontal bone

Frontal sinus

Part of paranasal sinuses

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Sphenoid bone

Unites facial and cranial bones

Part of 4 paranasal sinuses

Looks like a butterfly

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Ethmoid bone

Forms part of nasal septum and medial orbital wall

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Parietal bones

Forms part of superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium

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Occipital bone

Forms part of the posterior, lateral, and inferior surfaces of the cranium

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Temporal bones

Form part of the lateral wall of the cranium

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Sutures

Known as joints

Immovable

Bounds bounded together by dense fibrous connective tissue

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Coronal

Attaches frontal to parietal bones

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Squamous

Attaches temporal and parietal bones Part

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Sagittal suture

Attaches parietal bones

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Lambdoid

Attaches occipital to parietal bones

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Hyoid bone

Attaches occipital to parietal acts as the attachment site for muscles of the tongue, pharynx and larynx

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Auditory ossicles

Located within middle ear 3 bones Malleus Incus Stapes

Vertebral column

Forms the head neck and trunk 24 bones

Cervical vertebrae

7 bones C1 - C7 C1 (Known as Atlas) has hole that allows blood vessels to pass through up to brain C2 is known at Axis (odorous process known as Dens) C7 is known as vertebra prominems point straight

thoracic vertebrae

12 bones T1-T12 Spinous process points down

Lumbar vertebrae

5 bones L1 - L5

Sacrum bone

Under lumbar curve Five fused vertebra

Coccyx bone

Tail bone 3-5 fused vertebra

Thoracic cage

Composed of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

Sternum

3 parts Manubrium top Body middle Xiphoid process bottom

Ribs

Vertebrosternal ribs (ribs 1-7) Verterbrochondral ribs(ribs 8-10) known as false ribs Connect to sternum Vertebral ribs ribs 11 and 12 known as floating ribs

Appendicular skeleton

126 bones 4 in the pectoral girdle 60 in upper limbs 2 in pelvic girdle 60 in lower limbs

Pectoral girdle

Joins the arms to the trunk

Clavicle

S shaped bone

Scapula

Broad, flat

Humerus

Only bone located in arm (brachium)

Ulna and Radius

Parallel bones that support the forearm (antebracium) Ulna is medial

Carpal bones

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Metacarpal

5 bones They are numbered Roman numeral I - V

Phalange bones

14 bones Digits named 2-5 Thumb is 1

Pelvic girdle

2 bones

Coxal bones

3 bones Ilium Ischium Pubis

Femur bone

Thigh proximal portion of the limb Longest and heaviest bone

Patella bone

Knee

Tibia and Fibula

It is located medially in the leg Larger than fibula Fibula Located laterally on the leg

Tarsal bones

Located in ankle Calcaneus (heel bone) Talus Navicular, cuboid, medial cuneifrom, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform,

Metatarsals and Phalanges

Roman numerals I - V start with Hallux or big toe 14 bones

Joints

Where bones meet

Functional classification

3 categories and types

Synarthrosis

No movement

Amphiarthrosis

Little movement

Diarthrosis

Free movement

Synovial joint

Cartilage lines bones in a synovial joint

Joint capsule

Sac filled with synovial fluid

Synovial membrane

Line the interior of the capsule also secretes the fluid

Synovial fluid

Clear, viscous fluid produced by synovial membrane

Knee joint

4 ligaments

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Provides lateral support

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Provides medial support

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Locks knee in extended position

Posterior cruciate ligament

Prevents tibia from moving far back

Movements of the joints

3 anatomical positions

Flexion

Decreases the angle of the joint

Extensions

Increases the angle of the joint

Hyperextension

Extension past the anatomical position

Dorsiflextion

Upward movement of the foot or toes

Plantar flexion

Movement extending the ankles as in standing on tiptoes

Abduction

Movement of the limb away from the midline

Addiction

Movement towards the midline

Supination

Palm is turned anteriorly (facing you)

Pronation

Palm Facing down

Inversion

Twisting motion with sole inward

Eversion

Opposing motion turning the sole outward

Osteoathritis

Caused by wear and tear at synovial joint Hyaline cartilage changes to fibroblasts Symptom pain and stiffness of joint