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Bio 230 > Ch 8 Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 8 Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

80 bones

Run along body’s midline

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

126 bones

Bones away from the midline

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3
Q

Facial bones

A

14 bones

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4
Q

Nasal bones

A

Support superior portion of the bridge of the nose

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5
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Form part of medial wall of the orbit (eye socket)

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6
Q

Palatine bones

A

Form the posterior portion of the hard plate

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7
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Form part of the cheekbone

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8
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Support the upper teeth

part of 4 paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Increase epithelial surface area to warm area

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10
Q

Vomer

A

Forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

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11
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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12
Q

Cranial bones

A

8 bones

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13
Q

Frontal bone

A

Frontal sinus

Part of paranasal sinuses

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14
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Unites facial and cranial bones

Part of 4 paranasal sinuses

Looks like a butterfly

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15
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Forms part of nasal septum and medial orbital wall

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16
Q

Parietal bones

A

Forms part of superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium

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17
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms part of the posterior, lateral, and inferior surfaces of the cranium

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18
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form part of the lateral wall of the cranium

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19
Q

Sutures

A

Known as joints

Immovable

Bounds bounded together by dense fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

Coronal

A

Attaches frontal to parietal bones

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21
Q

Squamous

A

Attaches temporal and parietal bones Part

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22
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Attaches parietal bones

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23
Q

Lambdoid

A

Attaches occipital to parietal bones

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24
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Attaches occipital to parietal acts as the attachment site for muscles of the tongue, pharynx and larynx

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25
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Located within middle ear

3 bones

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

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26
Q

Vertebral column

A

Forms the head neck and trunk

24 bones

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27
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones

C1 - C7

C1 (Known as Atlas) has hole that allows blood vessels to pass through up to brain

C2 is known at Axis (odorous process known as Dens)

C7 is known as vertebra prominems point straight

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28
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12 bones

T1-T12

Spinous process points down

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29
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 bones

L1 - L5

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30
Q

Sacrum bone

A

Under lumbar curve

Five fused vertebra

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31
Q

Coccyx bone

A

Tail bone

3-5 fused vertebra

32
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Composed of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

33
Q

Sternum

A

3 parts

Manubrium top

Body middle

Xiphoid process bottom

34
Q

Ribs

A

Vertebrosternal ribs (ribs 1-7)

Verterbrochondral ribs(ribs 8-10) known as false ribs

Connect to sternum

Vertebral ribs ribs 11 and 12 known as floating ribs

35
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones

4 in the pectoral girdle

60 in upper limbs

2 in pelvic girdle

60 in lower limbs

36
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Joins the arms to the trunk

37
Q

Clavicle

A

S shaped bone

38
Q

Scapula

A

Broad, flat

39
Q

Humerus

A

Only bone located in arm (brachium)

40
Q

Ulna and Radius

A

Parallel bones that support the forearm (antebracium)

Ulna is medial

41
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

42
Q

Metacarpal

A

5 bones

They are numbered Roman numeral I - V

43
Q

Phalange bones

A

14 bones

Digits named 2-5

Thumb is 1

44
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

2 bones

45
Q

Coxal bones

A

3 bones

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

46
Q

Femur bone

A

Thigh

proximal portion of the limb

Longest and heaviest bone

47
Q

Patella bone

A

Knee

48
Q

Tibia and Fibula

A

It is located medially in the leg

Larger than fibula

Fibula

Located laterally on the leg

49
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Located in ankle

Calcaneus (heel bone) Talus Navicular, cuboid, medial cuneifrom, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform,

50
Q

Metatarsals and Phalanges

A

Roman numerals I - V start with Hallux or big toe

14 bones

51
Q

Joints

A

Where bones meet

52
Q

Functional classification

A

3 categories and types

53
Q

Synarthrosis

A

No movement

54
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Little movement

55
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Free movement

56
Q

Synovial joint

A

Cartilage lines bones in a synovial joint

57
Q

Joint capsule

A

Sac filled with synovial fluid

58
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Line the interior of the capsule also secretes the fluid

59
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Clear, viscous fluid produced by synovial membrane

60
Q

Knee joint

A

4 ligaments

61
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A

Provides lateral support

62
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

Provides medial support

63
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Locks knee in extended position

64
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents tibia from moving far back

65
Q

Movements of the joints

A

3 anatomical positions

66
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle of the joint

67
Q

Extensions

A

Increases the angle of the joint

68
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension past the anatomical position

69
Q

Dorsiflextion

A

Upward movement of the foot or toes

70
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Movement extending the ankles as in standing on tiptoes

71
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of the limb away from the midline

72
Q

Addiction

A

Movement towards the midline

73
Q

Supination

A

Palm is turned anteriorly (facing you)

74
Q

Pronation

A

Palm Facing down

75
Q

Inversion

A

Twisting motion with sole inward

76
Q

Eversion

A

Opposing motion turning the sole outward

77
Q

Osteoathritis

A

Caused by wear and tear at synovial joint

Hyaline cartilage changes to fibroblasts

Symptom pain and stiffness of joint

Bio 230 (8 decks)

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